Simon von Stampfer
Simon Ritter von Stampfer ( born October 26, 1790, in Windisch- Mattrai, Archbishopric Salzburg, today Matrei in East Tyrol, Tirol, † November 10, 1864 in Vienna ) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. His most famous invention is that of the wheel of life, the first device to the animation of images to moving images.
Life
Youth and Education
Was born in Salzburg was the first son of the weavers Bartlmä Stampfer and Helene pig Acher. From 1801, he attended the school Matrei market and moved in 1804 to the Franciscan school in Lienz, which he attended until 1807. He then went to Salzburg, where he indeed was allowed to visit the Lyceum and a philosophical course attended, was lack of school fees but not rated. His class he was then still included in the group of ordinary students 1810.
In 1814 he put in Munich from teaching certificate and applied there as a teacher. He then decided, however, to stay in Salzburg, where he earned his living as a substitute teacher in mathematics, natural history, physics and Greek at school. He then moved to the Lyceum, where he taught elementary mathematics, physics and applied mathematics. He was also appointed professor in 1819. In his spare time, the young scholar geodetic measurements, astronomical observations, experiments on the propagation speed of sound and height measurements carried out with the help of the barometer. Stampfer was often in the Benedictine Abbey Kremsmuenster a guest, which had an astronomical tower and numerous astronomical instruments.
In 1822 he married Johanna Wagner, the 1824 his first daughter ( Maria Aloysia Johanna ) and in 1825 his first son ( Anton Simon Joseph) gave birth to him.
Teaching and first scientific work
After several unsuccessful applications, including in Innsbruck, Stampfer was finally appointed a full professor in Salzburg pure elementary mathematics. However, at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna, where he had also applied, the Chair of Practical geometry was free, he was appointed there in December 1825 as the successor to Franz Josef Gerstner. He now taught Practical geometry, however, continued to struggle as a physicist and astronomer. So he gave, among others, to a method for the calculation of solar eclipses.
Since he had to deal necessarily because of his astronomical work with lenses and their accuracy, he came to the field of optical illusions. Therefore, about 1828, he developed test methods for telescopes and measuring methods for determining the radius of curvature of lenses as well as the refraction and dispersion of assets of the glass. In his work on the theoretical foundations of manufacturing high-quality optics, he turned to the Fraunhofer lens.
Development of the " stroboscopic discs "
End of 1832 was Stampfer become aware that appears in the Vienna Journal of physics and mathematics to the attempts of the British physicist Michael Faraday, who by the optical illusion of rapidly rotating gears whose movement could perceive the human eye no longer or only distorted, was so impressed that he went about the phenomenon, experiments with gears resembling "Star Washers " performed and wrote a memoir about it. Stampfer repeated Faraday's experiments in December 1832 and built the pulleys to. From these experiments ultimately resulted in the wheel of life (also zoetrope, Prof. rammer Stroboscopische disks or optical magic disc ), a strobe light or a ball spin. It is a drum which is provided with slots. On the inside there is a rotating cylinder on which images are applied; one turns the cylinder and looks through the peephole, so the impression of a continuous, moving picture is created.
Similar developments arrive almost simultaneously the Belgian Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau ( Phenakistiscope ) and the British William Horner, Stampfer yet received for his invention on May 7, 1833 imperial privilege No 1920, which secured him for two years before the competition:
" 1920. S. Stampfer, a professor at the Imperial Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. ( Wieden, NGOs 64. ), And Mathias Trentsensky; to the invention, figures and colored shapes, at all pictures of all kinds of drawings to mathematical and physical laws so that if the same be passed with due speed by some mechanism before the eye, while the beam is constantly interrupted, the most diverse optical deceptions in contiguous movements and actions represent the eye, and these images are most easily drawn on slices of cardboard or any other zweckmässigcn materials, on the periphery of holes are formed to look through. When these discs, a mirror opposite, are quickly rotated about its axis, then show the eye when browsing through the holes the lively images in the mirror, and it can in this way not only machine movements of any kind, such as wheels and hammer mills, continuous rolling carts and rising balloons, but also the diverse actions and movements of people and animals are shown surprising. Also can be according to the same principle by other mechanical devices themselves together more sedate activities such as theatrical scenes in action conceived workshops etc., represent both transparent as drawn also by ordinary types of images. On two years; of 7 May ".
The device was marketed by the Viennese art dealer Trentsensky & Vieweg commercially. The first edition was published in February 1833 and was sold out soon, so that in July already published a second, revised edition. Not least because of the patent to tamper invention is most able to spread so that his word creation " stroboscopic discs " ultimately prevailed outside Austria and in retrospect the " stroboscopic effect " was his name.
In the following years Stampfer reach several other inventions.
Later work
Another highlight of his career forms the foundation of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in 1847, whose first members it counts. A year later emeritus of increasingly suffering from hearing loss Stampfer, but continued his lectures until 1853 on.
1849 Stampfer was in honor of his life's work of " Se. Majesty the Emperor the Knight's Cross by His Majesty His Leopold Medal " awarded; since his name is Simon Ritter von Stampfer.
1850 two of his children died of tuberculosis, in 1856 his wife; Stampfer died alone on November 10, 1864 in Vienna of a stroke. 1894, the rammer in Vienna - Hietzing was named after him.
Writings
- Selection of publications between 1818 - 1864, accessed 1 February 2012