Singularity (climate)

A singularity (Latin singularis 'unique' ) referred to in meteorology peculiar weather control cases. These are weather conditions that occur at particular periods in the year with a high probability and a significant deviation from a smooth variation of weather elements ( temperature, precipitation, etc.) represent, but are in the long-term average. Known singularities in Central Europe, for example, the March winter, the Ice Saints, the sheep cold, the dog days of Indian summer, the Martini- summer and the Christmas thaw. The opposite, unexpected deviations from the mean, called anomaly (Greek anómalos, uneven, irregular ').

The concept

A singularity was introduced by August Schmauß in the 1920s, since then called the study of these regularities in the annual cycle of weather singularity research. The climax had reached the singularity research in the 1940s. The aim was to enable a weather forecast due to these recurring events, but this had to be abandoned. In the 1950s, then the singularity research by Franz Baur has been further developed for the study of weather situations.

Cause

The cause of this regularity is in the cyclical nature of the sun, in - even in a - temperature changes and recurrent flows ( weather pattern ) that will not disappear in the long-term average. However, it should be noted that the occurrence of singularities on a specific date or period is also very dependent on coincidences; In addition, these events occur mostly not even in two-thirds of all observed years.

Central European singularities

Summarizing the investigations of Bisollo (1991 ), Flohn (1954 ), Schönwiese (1987) and Malberg (1989 ) together, we obtain the following basic, statistically well detectable, calendar -bound temperature Features in Central Europe.