Ski jumping hill

A ski jump is a sports venue and is next to the ski jump, the relevant sports equipment for ski sports. Sometimes the Norwegian term Bakken is being used.

Jumps for top athletes are located on steep mountain slopes and allow - with the appropriate length and height difference - jumps of over 100 meters. From about 150 m is called " ski flying ".

Building a ski jump

  • The start is usually built on an artificial tower, in so-called natural ski jumps right on the mountain slope. The length of the start-up can be varied by changing the withdrawal ( Luke or English. Gate) changed or the start bar ( Happle bar after its inventor Wolfgang Happle ) is, on which sits the ski jumper before the start of the jump, moved.
  • The takeoff is the area in which the jump takes place. Typically, it is inclined about 10 degrees downward.
  • The landing area is the area where normally the bounce occurs. It is closer to the takeoff convex and concave curved further towards the outlet. The transition between the two curves is the K- point (critical point, design point or point calculation ). If this is skipped, the bounce occurs in flatter terrain and will become increasingly difficult to stand, as the forces become stronger with increasing flattening.
  • The outlet is the sometimes slightly increasing area for braking at high speed. Here you can find behind a barrier the spectators.

The geometry of the ski jump (length, height and angle of takeoff, radius and angle of the Aufsprungbereichs ) is responsible for which length can be theoretically jumped on a hill. In practice, come to that yet external factors such as the nature trail, which is responsible for the friction and ultimately for the journey speed, or the wind (direction and speed ), which can influence the trajectory of secondary importance.

From the Springer modifiable factors for a large jump distance are the technology ( in directions, jump and especially in flight ), and the speed-strength ability during the jump. These lead to the trajectory parameters Driving speed, start height and aerodynamic flight quality that determine the trajectory of primary. The design point after the jump was constructed, which indicates for which distance it is designed, and is used for determining the distance of points.

Since the summer of 2004, the size of a jump is given by the Hill -size point (HS). This is the point in the outlet at which it has an inclination angle of 32 °. It was introduced in order to characterize the jump size better. Forerunner of the designation hill size was the so-called jury width.

Sizing of jumps

Ski jumps are divided into five different size classes:

  • Kleine Schanze
  • Mid -Hills
  • Normal hill
  • Large Hill
  • Flugschanze

Small and medium jumps are mainly training hills for young jumpers. Experienced jumpers train on normal and large hills. In contrast, the training is prohibited on flying hills outside of a competition framework. The reason for this is the enormous risk that increases with the size of the jump. The ski jumpers can feel more air power and trajectory levels usually take to, making a fall from heights could end up to six meters, even fatal.

The World Cup is bound mainly to large hills. However, there are also competitions on normal hill, approximately in the Villach Alpine Arena. The Continental Cup competitions and the competitions of the ladies will take place primarily on a normal hill.

There are two to four ski flying events each year. The last World Cup event of the season takes place mostly in Planica ( Letalnica ) instead of the other ski flying events alternately on the hills in Tauplitz ( Kulm ), Oberstdorf ( Heini Klopfer ski jump ), Harrachov ( Čerťák ) and Vikersund ( Vikersundbakken ).

At the World Championships and Olympic Games Individual competitions are held on normal and large hills. Every two years there is the ski flying World Cup on one of the five homologated ski jump instead of a world championship on the normal and large hill.

Normal and large hills, in many countries, such as in China, Korea or Spain. Most of the World Ski Federation (FIS ) approved facilities lie in the traditional winter sports countries in Europe and in North America and Japan. In Germany there or was it 1500 ski jumps, of which about 40 normal and eight large hills.

Ski jump

→ See also: List of ski jump

There are currently five ski flying hills ( four with K- point 185 meters, Vikersund with K- point of 195 meters ) on which World Cup competition and World Championships to be held:

  • Vikersundbakken in Vikersund (Norway ), current world record: 246.5 m, hill size 225 m
  • Letalnica in Planica (Slovenia ), hill size 215 m
  • Kulm in Tauplitz ( Austria ), hill size 200 m
  • Heini Klopfer ski jump in Oberstdorf ( Germany ), hill size 213 m
  • Čerťák ski jump in Harrachov (Czech Republic), hill size 205 m

Another flying hill is the Copper Peak Ski Jump (K 160) in Ironwood in the U.S. state of Michigan, however, has no current FIS certificate.

Matt hills

Covered with mats jumps are also suitable for operation in the summer without snow. The landing area is covered with plastic mats that are moistened and in a similar gliding properties have as snow. The start is at the modern facilities of a ceramic or porcelain track.

Increasingly, even very large jump systems are equipped with mats (eg Oberstdorf or Bischofshofen ). Ski jumping is developing into a year-round sport. Besides the traditional competitions in winter and summer competitions to win (eg the FIS Summer Grand Prix ) becomes increasingly important. The smallest ski jump in Germany is 8 m high, 20 m long and 3 m wide, the maximum jump distance is 8 m. For Germany -wide recruitment it has been built mobile. It is TÜV-tested and has a certification of the German Ski Association. Builder is Hartmut Hettich.

FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup Kulm (venue) FIS Ski-Flying World Championships
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