Sodium cyclamate
- Cyclamate
- Natriumcyclohexylsulfamat
- Sodium N- cyclohexylamidosulfonat
- E 952
Sweet-tasting, colorless crystals
Attention
17,000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Cyclamate ( E952 ) is a synthetically produced sweetener. Chemically, it is cyclohexylsulfamic and its sodium and calcium salts. Cyclamate is about 35 times sweeter than sucrose ( sugar), but for example, only one-tenth as sweet as saccharin. Cyclamate is approved in Germany since 1963 and has from the EU-approved sweeteners the slightest sweetness intensity. However, cyclamate has long been known for its very close sugar taste.
History
When searching for antipyretic substances of chemist Michael sveda synthesized at the University of Illinois cyclohexylsulfamic by chlorosulfonating cyclohexylamine and discovered by accident that this substance tasted sweet. This acid and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts were patented by Svedas change to the DuPont Company under the name of cyclamate. The patent was later taken over by Abbott Laboratories. Initially, this sweetener could not prevail against saccharin, saccharin was ten times as sweet and could be produced cheaper. The advantage was that the taste rather corresponded to that of sucrose and showed no metallic aftertaste as with saccharin. The first calorie-free soft drink No- Cal with cyclamate (calcium salt) was introduced in 1953 for the chronically diabetic patients in a sanatorium in Brooklyn. As a result, cyclamate sat in mixtures with saccharin. The first calorie-free cola with a cyclamate / saccharin mixture under the name Diet -Rite Cola was introduced to the market in 1958.
Properties
Cyclamate is heat resistant and can be used therefore for cooking and baking. It is used mainly for low-calorie foods. In order to obtain a higher sweetening power without impaired taste, mixtures of cyclamate with saccharin in the ratio 10 are common: one made . Because of its synergistic properties, cyclamate but can also combine very well with all other sweeteners.
The permitted daily dose is from 7 mg / kg body weight. This value is not generally exceeded in consumers with an average high Cyclamatverzehr. However, if flavored drinks that were made of water ingested, these may contain up to 400 mg / l cyclamate. If this still consumes more cyclamatgesüßte food, so " can with clear ADI exceedances especially among younger consumers " are expected. Cyclamate is not metabolized and leaves the organism of most consumers unchanged by the kidney. This is comparable with the sweeteners acesulfame and saccharin. Very few people have bacteria in the intestinal flora, which can convert the cyclamate to a small extent. The incidentals degradation product is cyclohexylamine.
Cyclamate and cancer
Cyclamate is suspected to be carcinogenic after animal experiments with an extremely high dose of daily 2.5 g / kg body weight were shown in the U.S. favoring of bladder cancer. Recent studies, however, this suspicion could not be substantiated. In the U.S., cyclamate has been banned since 1970, in Europe it is approved for certain foods with maximum limit: these include energy- reduced or sugar-free drinks, desserts, spreads, jams, marmalades, jellies, canned fruit, food supplements. To sweeten ice cream, candy and chewing gum, it is not longer allowed.