Solution focused brief therapy
The solution-focused brief therapy, and solution-focused brief therapy, ( engl. solution focused therapy ) is a special type of talk therapy, which was presented by the psychotherapist Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in 1982 for the first time. It is based on the view that it is more helpful to focus on desires, goals, resources, exceptions to the problem rather than on problems and their origins. This therapeutic approach is spreading in recent years also in other areas such as coaching, education, management and pastoral care. In particular, it spreads in Switzerland and parts of Germany and in social work and in the social education, as well as in psychiatry. For the solution-focused brief therapy social education of the founders Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg was adapted in close cooperation with Kaspar and Marianne Bäschlin. An explanatory article on this can be found under the title of solution -oriented approach.
Basic principles
Solution focus is to recognize the " positive difference " and strengthened. So what now already works better and fits and is desired to may it be in the future even more so so.
Was developed this approach by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg founded in 1978 letter Family Therapy Center ( BFTC ) in Milwaukee / Wisconsin, together with Elam Nunnally, Eve Lipchik, Michele Weiner - Davis, Alex Molnar and Wallace Gingerich. This approach was inspired by research at the Mental Research Institute ( MRI) in Palo Alto, see Palo Alto group.
Key elements of the " solution -focused brief therapy " come from the communication research, the language games of Ludwig Wittgenstein, systems theory and self-organization, the second-order cybernetics, constructivism and of Hypnotherapy by Milton H. Erickson. This form of therapy is supported by current research results of brain science, in particular the concept of neuroplasticity: This states that the brain 's structure and its related function changes continuously, adapts experience gained. Thus, learning in the gain of synaptic connections between neurons.
The central and radical " New " in the " solution -focused " approach is a commitment to "simplicity" ( " Simplicity" ): To be successful in complex situations and systems, it is not always helpful, model, and want to understand it - is more helpful it often, impartially observe what everything works as desired in order to do more of it in small steps.
The effectiveness of solution-focused short-term approach has so far only confirmed for internalizing disorders. This is however to small effects.
Solution focusing assumes that:
The three basic principles of solution focused
The six maxims for solution-focused "simplicity" ( " Simplicity" )
Further information is
The essential requirement for any advice, the expectation is that can make a difference and improve. Solution-focused counseling believes that change processes are unavoidable and occur continually.
The method differs from other approaches by the conviction of the consultant that even a small change in the behavior of a single person can pull in significant and far-reaching changes of all other parties after. It focuses on the exceptions of a problem, those moments in which small changes in the stability of a problem condition can occur. The expansion of an existing change, however small it may also always will be, seen as more important than thinking about how can correct or change inappropriate behavior.
The study of spontaneous or arbitrary minimal occurrence of the desired target state is the focus of interventions. Solution-focused counseling means that the solution is at the center. The method is characterized by the effort to make personal and social abilities of a person clearly and jointly to construct solutions, ie to find alternatives to dysfunctional thoughts, feelings and action patterns. The practice model is defined by its consistent aim and resource orientation. Resource orientation means an attitude that focuses not on deficits, but on the strengths and expertise of the people.
Solution Focussed in common aim is to develop, with the client's perspectives, which encourage them to go even possible steps found in the direction of their desired goals. Solution Focused Communication ( LFK ) largely dispenses with diagnostic positions that focus on deficits of an individual, ie, it is just not causally oriented.
The solution-focused model is one of the short-term therapies that found in the late 1960s and early 1970s more and more attention. In a brief therapy that presented problems, conflicts, disturbances, etc. not intensified be explored, but taken at the client's existing skills and resources in the focus and exhausted all possibilities for its active use in order to achieve as a direct problem solution. Brief therapy may also therefore be short, because it is based on the assumption that within the consultation period only suggestions, ideas for the actual development and change processes are given which must be implemented or completed in concrete everyday of the client. After de Shazer brevity was not a desired goal, but a logical consequence of the solution-focused intervention. Brief therapy does not mean that the consultant should proceed quickly, but that it is based on the individual client.
The findings of neuroplasticity show that learning and behavioral changes by the amplification of synaptic connections between neurons made on the basis of experience comes to pass. The solution-focused brief therapy supports by allowing the client experiences that point in the direction of the treatment goals of the clients. Steve de Shazer puts it, " If something works, do more of it and if something does not work, do something else " (eg, "If something works, do more of it and if something is not working, do something else " ). Clients should therefore be invited to do more of what has towards their goals. This make their neuronal " networks solution " experiences that lead to their gain, and the " issue networks " wither and lose influence.
The average number of sessions is between four and seven. The time intervals between the meetings shall be negotiated and may be a few days or several months.
Definition, solution- focused ' versus solution-oriented '
The method can separate content from various solution-based method. The main difference is Peter Kaimer According to one " ... in the radicalism regarding the active subject of discussion presented problems by the therapist. While solution-focused therapy here rather pursues a 'soft' line and is quite willing to deepen the understanding of the problem, solution-focused therapy largely dispensed with it. On the other access solution-oriented therapist far more specific and proven therapeutic techniques for dealing with problems back that are traditionally described in the various schools of therapy. In contrast to such, more ' expert-driven ' approach to the solution-focused approach linked more closely to the specifics and resources of the client and is dedicated to presenting problems, as it significantly less attention " [ Kaimer 1999, 9].
" Solution-orientation " refers to the inner, oriented solutions attitude of an expert. " Focus " refers in addition to the specific intervention strategy of the therapy model LFK Solution-oriented is first of all an orientation, an orientation, a preferred focus, a consciously chosen perspective. Solution orientation exclude the presence of problems is not sufficient, " but refers to the old insight that a problem can become a problem only when it is connected to the idea of a solution. Without idea of a solution, it would be no problem, because there is no idea of a solution. Thus, solution-oriented also means getting the 'solution' of cherished ideas on how other problems to be solved.
The clients are the experts because they know if they come with a problem in the advice, always bring an idea of their solution. The individual ideas should be respected and pursued cooperatively with clients to help them use their ideas for solutions and enable.