Southern Bug
After Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov passenger ship named the Moscow - class on the Southern Bug in Vinnytsia
The Southern Bug in the Khmelnytsky oblasts and Vinnytsia
The Southern Bug along the Oblastgrenze and by the Mykolaiv Oblast
Map of Ukraine; The city of Ternopil is between Western and Southern Bug
Template: Infobox River / Obsolete
The Southern Bug (Ukrainian Південний Буг Piwdenny Buh, Polish Boh, Russian Южный Буг Juschni bug in antiquity Hypanis ) is a 857 km long river in the East European Plain in the south-western Ukraine. He should not be with another river, the bow on the eastern border of Poland, confused. To the confluence with the Liman formed together with the Dnepr it is 806 km long. The catchment area of the Southern Bug has an area of 63,740 km ² (including the Inhul catchment area, which is drained by the Buger Liman ).
Course
The river rises in Podolia Podolia on the plate about 90 km west of the city of Khmelnitsky and just east of Wolotschysk.
In the upper part, ie from its source in the highlands Podolian (located at about 320 meters above sea level ), it flows through a muddy valley, which is also reflected in the coloring of the water. The slope in this section is only 0.37 m / km. The Southern Bug flows from the source to the east of Letytschiw past and Vinnytsia, turns in a southeasterly direction and flows through the Ladyschyner Reservoir ( at Ladyschyn ).
In the middle section, the river cuts through a crystalline African mountain range and the slope increases ( to 0.92 m / km), while passing winds through rocks. In the area around Perwomajsk starts at a distance of 70 kilometers an area with some rapids, which runs until Olexandriwka. The Southern Bug passed the place Hajworon in Kirovohrad Oblast, where he is the regional border, reaches the southeast Mykolaiv Oblast and Perwomajsk happened. The rock formations partly reach a height of up to 90 meters ( in respect to the flow height, for example, in the hill country in Myhija or Bohdaniwka ).
Below the rapids, in the last section, the Southern Bug flows through tertiary limestone and sandstone, passing through the town Vosnessensk. He has there an area of 800 meters with a water depth of about 2-3 meters and ends after it has set in a sweeping far west loop the city Mykolaiv, 20 km to the south referred to in the Dnieper-Bug Liman - estuary near Nowa Odessa.
After 806 kilometers it reaches this estuary at Olschanske. The river gets its water flow from rain and snow (atmospheric precipitation treatments ). The volume of water varies significantly due season. The river freezes in December and begins to thaw in March.
The average discharge is in the mouth region 160 m³ / s There the bug connects to the Dnieper to the so-called Dnieper-Bug Liman - and flows Ochakiv in the Black Sea.
Landscape
The upper course crosses a largely swampy area. After it has passed through this valley, he cuts through the middle reaches in a crystalline solid. Here is the 25 -meter-high bank of granite. However, at some places, it reaches heights of up to 90 meters. In this section there are several rapids, with most falling in a 90 km section between Perwomajsk and Olexandriwka.
In the lower reaches of the river flows through the Black Sea sink, here form many side arms. His depth there is up to 3 meters. Before its confluence with the Dnieper-Bug Liman - it reaches a width of 800 meters and is then accessible for largest seagoing vessels. Since the Southern Bug flows in the lower reaches through dry steppe areas, which are characterized by low rainfall, the river fulfills a central role in the water supply.
Cities and inflows
Among the larger towns on the Southern Bug count Khmelnytsky, Chmilnyk, Vinnytsia, Perwomajsk, Vosnessensk. About 20 km upstream of the confluence with the Dnieper-Bug Liman - lies the port of Mykolaiv.
The tributaries of the Southern Bug are from the source to the mouth (left side) the Boschok, Kodyma, ikwa, Snjwoda, Ustja, Desna, Sob, Udytsch, Synyzja, Synjucha, Wylyka Korabelna, Mertwowid, Hnylyi Jelanez and Inhul - junction in Mykolaiv. Dexter: Vovk, Shar, Riw, Selnyzja, Dochna, Sawran, Kodyma, Bakschala and Tschytschyklija.
Economy
The bug is navigable only from the mouth to Vosnessensk on a total of 160 km in length. There are ports in Vosnessensk and Mykolaiv. Here wheat and building materials are shipped mainly. In the lower reaches there is the nuclear power plant Juschnoukrajinsk.
Of economic importance are especially the fish stocks of the river, these are pike and zander. The transport of goods begins due to the rapids only from the middle reaches and plays no significant role because of the relatively small and over the year very fluctuating water runoff.
Reservoirs
The largest of the 13 reservoirs, the Ladyschyner Reservoir, located at Ladyschyn. It has an area of 20.8 km ² and can store about 0.15 km ³ of water. The dam of this reservoir was completed in 1964.
History
The bow is the eastern border of Transnistria, an area that stood from 1941 to 1944 under Romanian administration. From September 1941 to October 1942, the Jewish population, who had survived the massacres in Bessarabia and Bukovina, was rounded up and interned here. The number of deportees was 150000-185000 people.
At the bow deportees were, inter alia, forced to build bridges. Countless people have died in this river. Aharon Appelfeld, a survivor of deportation, today Israeli writer, describes the bug and the construction of bridges in his novel The Eismine.