Sparganium erectum

Branched bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum )

The way branching bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum, Syn: .. .. .. Sparganium polyedrum ( Asch. & Graebn ) Juz, Sp ramosum Huds, Sp ramosum subsp polyedrum Asch & Graebn ), also called upright bur reed, is a species of of the cattail plants ( Typhaceae ) family. The mature seeds form a ball with outwardly peaks. From this seed arrangement, the term " bur reed " is derived. He is a Kennart the United reedbeds ( Phragmition australis) and can form in waters Einartbestände so-called hedgehog piston reed beds.

Subspecies

It is a form- rich species with several subspecies ( GOVAERTS 2004), the ecological differ significantly:

  • Branched bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum L. subsp. Erectum )
  • Kleinfrüchtiger bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum subsp microcarpum ( Neuman ) Domin, Preslia 13-15. 53 (1935 ) )
  • Unnoticed bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum subsp neglectum ( Beeby ) Schinz & Thell, Fl Switzerland, ed 3, 2: .. . 14 (1914 ) )
  • Eifrüchtiger bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum nothosubsp oocarpum ( Èelak. ) Domin, Preslia 13-15. 53 (1935 ) )

Description

The way branching bur-reed is a perennial herbaceous plant that usually rooted in the water. It reaches heights of growth of up to 1.7 m and grows rigidly upright, never flutend. There are not formed floating leaf shapes, such as the dwarf - bur-reed ( Sparganium natans ). The Upright bur reed has a strong " rootstock " with extensive, creeping, starch rich rhizome. Its leaves are stiff and coarse, dark green, lower triangular, gradually tapering at the top of the bottom with a reaching to the top of keel and long. The upper leaves are bright, striped lengthwise and dull. They grow to 50 cm long and up to 1.5 cm wide.

The plant produces 30 to 60 cm tall flowering shoots. The flower stems are branched way branching. The flowers are getrenntgeschlechtig and combined to form globular heads, which are in a paniculate inflorescence branched total. On each side branch appear in the armpit of a foliage leaf -like supporting sheet first two to three female heads, about several male heads. These are provided before flowering with dark petal tips, thereby sees her inflorescence pied out. The scars are long and thread count, the nut fruit is usually brownish. As a distinguishing characteristic of the species in the form and color of the fruit can be used.

Distribution, habitat and ecology

This species is widespread in central and northern Europe, northern Asia and south to North Africa.

The way branching bur reed often grows in the bank reeds standing, nutrient-rich waters and ditches on humus rich, often calcareous mud soil to depths of up to 50 cm. It grows mainly used where the shading is lower by adjacent reed beds and can form Einartbestände there. He is a water change pointer, half light plant, growing in the intermediate continental area, a weak acid to weak base pointer and preferred nitrogen-rich sites.

He is a marsh and aquatic plant and a Schlammwurzler with rhizome. The leaves have a ventilation tissue ( aerenchyma ) in adaptation to oxygen deficiency in the flooded environment. His green parts are rich in needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals ( raphides ). These serve as a defense mechanism. From the leaves the spiral stiffeners of the trachea can be pulled out after the by bending as in the genus Cornus. The flowers are wind-pollinated the " fixed type", monoecious, vormännlich. The self-pollination is successful. The pollen is eaten by insects, so that they can also be pollinators. The bloom caused numerous single-seeded nutlets with stone core and floating tissue. This swimming propagation is possible. The flotation time can be up to 12 months. The fruits have a pen rest, therefore Velcro distribution is as Bohrfrucht by aquatic animals possible. Asexual reproduction occurs by stolons (root Kriechpionier ).

Gallery

Pictures of Sparganium erectum

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