Spathiphyllum
Spathiphyllum cannifolium
Spathiphyllum, or German sheaths, leaf flag, strip or peace lily, is a genus of plants that belongs to the family of the Araceae ( Araceae ). It includes about 50 species, to the Solomon Islands, are mainly found in tropical America, but also on the western edge of the Pacific, from the Philippines. Some other species are kept as house plants for their decorative leaves, because of the long-lasting inflorescences.
- 9.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Spathiphyllum species are 20-120 cm tall, hairless, perennial herbaceous plants. They have a creeping rhizome with short internodes, which is partially visible at the soil surface, and cause no milk juice. The leaves are double-spaced on the rhizome. The roots break through the base of the petioles. The Lower leaves are very narrowly triangular - lanceolate, have at hand two keels and often reach more than 2/ 3 of the length of the stem of the leaves. The petioles are about as long or slightly longer than the leaf blade. They are usually above terete and trained and winged at the bottom of the leaf sheath. In some species, such as Spathiphyllum wendlandii, this sheath extends to the Spreitenansatz. At its upper end, the petioles of up to 5 cm long thickening ( geniculum ) serving as a hinge as required. The simple, undivided, entire, the margins slightly wavy leaf blades are upright or slightly bent outwards. They are broadly elliptic to oblong, lanceolate or verkehrteilanzetlich, are forward short acuminate and have a narrowed, pointed to obtuse or nearly rounded base. The top is usually shiny, colored the underside paler. The rather broad, triangular in cross-section to crescent-shaped center rib is flattened on the upper side and jumps in front of the under side clearly. The few to numerous, nearly parallel lateral nerves of first-order reach the Spreitenrand with their bent toward the blade tip ends. In between are parallel to weaker lateral nerves available, normally a secondary and two tertiary.
Generative features
The single standing bulbous inflorescence at the end of an upright, shaft-shaped, articulated at its end peduncle, which is about as long as or longer than the leaves. Just below the spadix is a special bract, the spathe. This is is first rolled up to the inflorescence and spreads later to a cap-shaped or flat, erect or recurved shape from. The spathe is in almost any case in the heyday wide open, solomonense only in the Western Pacific species Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum and schlechteri it includes the spadix. [Note 1] It is lanceolate to elliptic or verkehrteiförmig, rare verkehrteilanzettlich front and pointed. At the acute to obtuse or rounded base it has no tubular portion and sometimes run, particularly in the section Spathiphyllum, significantly down on the inflorescence stalk. The spathe is the heyday of white to yellowish, often with green venation, or a total green. After flowering, the spathe remains and is colored green for fruit time. The upright, cylindrical, uniformly occupied with hermaphrodite flowers spadix shorter than the spathe. He is stalked in the spathe. This stem is in its whole length or only partially fused with the spathe, in the latter case the free portion is up to 4 cm long.
The radial symmetry flowers have a green or white perianth, usually consisting of 4-6 (-7) -free or on the base intergrown tepals. They have a thickened and often truncated tip are curved inward, cover each other dachziegelig and increase with age. In some species the perianth is fused to a 4- 6-sided, fleshy, trimmed cups. There are 4-6 free stamens present, standing in front of the tepals. The broad, flattened, elongated stamens lengthen with age. The yellow or whitish dust bag are immobile and basi - dorsifix, so close to their base, but towards the back on, attached to the filament. Your connective is narrow. The dust bags are made of two oblong- ellipsoidal to ovoid counters, are about as wide as long, with nearly parallel sides, and the length and open to the extrors, so with the opening of the flower center away. The ellipsoidal to oblong - ellipsoidal pollen grains have no apertures. Three carpels are fused to an ovary that contains per two, four, six or eight ovules. There are one to achtsamige formed green berries.
Chromosomes
The two species studied so far, so Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum cannifolium and agree, with respect to the number of chromosomes in agreement with each other. It was found either a haploid set of chromosomes with n = 15 or a diploid with 2n = 30.
Dissemination
The genus includes about 50 species, most of which occur in the Central and South American tropics. The range extends from Mexico in the north to Peru and Brazil to the south. Natural occurrence but lack in the Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles to exist only in Trinidad. In addition, Spathiphyllum missing with the exception of small-scale distributed Spathiphyllum grazielae almost entirely in the area of the Atlantic Forest on the east coast of Brazil. Exist within its site area gaps but also in the high mountains of the northern Andes as well as in regions where dry forests and savannas predominate so. Approximately on the Pacific coast of northern Central America, on the Caribbean coast of Colombia and in the Llanos of the Orinoco lowlands
Only three species occur outside of America on the islands at the western edge of the Pacific. This part gappy area ranges from the Philippines and Palau, on East Sulawesi and the Moluccas to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands.
The richest country is Colombia, where Cardona (2004) has demonstrated 18 species and can expect the occurrence of yet another species. Brazil is relatively species-poor, given its large area with ten native species. With eight species in the far past Flore processing for example, is geographically much smaller Costa Rica almost as rich in species.
Since several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, there are of these outside the natural range feral occurrence. Spathiphyllum wallisii ever known only from the culture and from such wild resources.
Taxonomy
The genus Spathiphyllum was first described in 1832 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. Schott was one of just two names, namely Spathiphyllum lancaefolium ( Jacq. ) Schott, the type species, which had already been described in 1791 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin as Dracontium lanceaefolium, and Spathiphyllum Schott sagittaefolium, a noun nudum. In 1853 Scotland was in his work Aroideae the genus its present circumscription by S. sagittaefolium shifted to newly created genus Urospatha bulkhead and the two genera Hydnostachyon Liebm few years previously described. and Massovia K.Koch presented as synonyms for Spathiphyllum. Spathiphyllopsis Teijsm. & Binn. and Amomophyllum Engl are more synonyms.
Etymology
The first part of the name Spathiphyllum is the Latin word spatha or the ancient Greek σπάθη ( spathe ). It originally referred to a usually pedunculated tool with flat leaf surface, such as a rudder blade, a spatula or a sword, and refers in this case to the spathe. The second part of the name, which is also ancient Greek φύλλον ( phyllon ) means leaf. The name refers to the fact that in this genus the spathe less different from foliage leaves, as is usual with the arum family.
Species
The genus Spathiphyllum currently includes 50 species. For Colombia, the existence of other, as yet undescribed species is known.
Gallery
Spathiphyllum commutatum
Spathiphyllum floribundum
Spathiphyllum lanceifolium
Spathiphyllum patinii
Spathiphyllum wallisii
Health
Spathiphyllum is considered as a houseplant indoor air cleaning. Nevertheless, there are reports that Spathiphyllum is toxic. Also, there are cases in which Spathiphyllum triggered strong allergies or pollen has an allergic potential.
Note
Swell
- Bunting GS 1960: A revision of Spathiphyllum ( Araceae ). Mem New York Bot Gard. 10 (3): 1-53.
- Cardona F. 2004: A synopsis of the genus Spathiphyllum ( Araceae ) in Colombia. Ann. Missouri Bot Gard. 91: 448-456. - Online
- Grayum M. H. 2003: Araceae. In: BE Hammel, Grayum MH, Herrera C., Zamora N. (ed.): Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Vol II Gimnospermas y Monocotiledóneas ( Agavaceae - Musaceae ). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 1-930723-22-9. Pp. 59-200. - Online