Speech-to-text reporter
Font interpreter write the spoken word with verbatim or in summary form quickly as possible, to allow hearing impaired people to follow speeches, lectures, or the like by reading along. This is of central importance that the hearing impaired person is made possible by the " real character " active participation ( participation in discussions, questions, ...).
Scripture Interpreting understood (as opposed to sign language interpreting) primarily as an offer for hearing impaired or spätertaubte people who ( to frühertaubten unlike / deaf people) mostly often not or only to a very limited know sign language, but the written language may well follow.
- 3.1 Availability
- 3.2 Certification and Quality
- 3.3 Legal classification
Methods
Computer technology is used for taking notes when interpreting Scripture almost exclusively used that does not require paper - handling and presents the mitgeschriebenen text continuously on a screen or by projection onto a screen for them to read.
It can in some cases also accompanying information is added to the ongoing speech in the interpreted text, such as indications of change of speaker or applause. The speaker change can be viewed as such by itself or by attribution according to the possibilities and agreements. For this, the font interpreter must already receive that information in the preparation.
In Germany, currently there are three different methods to use. What is it used depends not only on the availability even of different needs, preferences and experiences of clients from, as well as the desired transfer methodology (eg, whether a word - for-word transcript or rather, a summary is preferred).
Conventional method
Here, the spoken word on a normal computer keyboard as quickly as possible in a conventional manner ( touch typing ) is logged. In order to increase the write speed and reduce fatigue, text macros ( auto-completion of words, or replacing abbreviations with words) / abbreviation systems are in addition to the application. Rarely, special keyboard layouts (eg Dvorak or Neo keyboard) are used. Also referred to as a " Quick Write".
Features
By using the standard technology of the use of capital is low, and the easiest to learn the method (especially for already trained 10 touch-typists ). Since fast 10 -finger recorder ( without abbreviation system ) purely ergonomic create little more than 750 attacks and even lie with shortcut system the best services at just over 1000 strokes per minute, a grouping of speech is often unavoidable. The technique is also physically debilitating and the writer must alternate, if necessary, to prevent adverse health effects.
Computerized Maschinenstenografie
Here, the special keyboard a Stenografiermaschine is combined with a software solution. By the way on the Steno keyboard to press multiple keys simultaneously, the writing entire syllables and words is possible.
Features
The computer-assisted Maschinenstenografie is a very fast and powerful technique and allows word - for-word transcripts. This contrasts with a relatively long and expensive training ( about 2 years) and a lot of additional professional experience in order to optimally apply the technology. The training, the required software and keyboard are costly and require a high capital investment.
Interpreting Scripture with speech recognition
Here, the script interpreter uses a specially eintrainiertes him speech recognition system. The interpreter dictated the use of the speeches by, reads simultaneously the font output of the speech recognition program with and correct any recognition errors by hand. The script interpreter can sit either using a normal headset from an interpreter's booth (or an adjacent room ) work from or with the aid of a special Steno mask in the same room.
Features
The Scripture Interpretation with voice recognition is of the pure speed-wise the fastest method. With a training period of about one year and a significantly lower purchase price for hardware and software it is also more cost effective than computer-aided stenography. Recognition errors by the software can not be ruled out, but can often be recognized by the hearing-impaired customers as such and associated with the correct word based on the phonetic resemblance to the original word.
General
When interpreting Scripture, it is a very strenuous and mentally challenging activity - therefore all Scripture interpreters for longer inserts a double occupation or regular breaks from about an hour of use have instructed.
For an optimal preparation font interpreters have to rely on to get topics, technical terms and names in particular early and prepare. In the conventional method, this symbol / text macros may need to be created and in the Computerstenographie and speech recognition, these words must be entered in the respective software and possibly trained.
In all methods, it is in principle possible to automatically save the entire compiled in written text. This stored text can be edited as a transcript for future reference. Whether this should be done and in what form (prints or file) is made is to be clarified between all parties involved, possibly on the payers.
Legal basis
Interpreting Scripture in Germany after a communication aid Regulation the Sign Language Interpreting equivalent communication assistance. In this respect, the legal claims in contact with the authorities and in administrative proceedings by the Federal or the individual countries are regulated under the Federal Equal Opportunities Act and the national equality legislation.
An assumption of costs in the field of training and employment, and medical care is regulated by the Personal Budget in accordance with SGB IX § 17 according to the individual needs identified through the rehabilitation funds, statutory health insurance, nursing insurance funds and the integration offices.
Problems
Availability
From the target of a nationwide availability of font interpreters we are still very far away in Germany. Estimates of the number of practicing writing an interpreter in Germany go from about 30 to just 70-80, depending on how closely you can see the label font interpreters and what claim they are put in the professionalism and practical experience of writing an interpreter (eg, whether it is only occasionally worked as a script interpreter, , or doing full-time ). According to a study in 1999 ( hearing screening examination by Wolfgang son ), there are 958 000 people with severe hearing and deafened people in Germany. This is a long-term forecasting demand of up to 4800 writing interpreters in Germany, depending on the key. In addition, there is a problem, which the interpreters are sometimes very differently distributed in Germany. For example, while in Berlin almost 10 interpreters are active, there are other states ( eg Bremen), in which there is no single interpreter at the time.
Certification and Quality
Since it " Scripture interpreting " so far is not a protected professional title with the term, there is a very different level of quality between the various providers of the service.
Scripture interpreting itself see themselves as professional service providers who work in a very high pace and with a very high quality for your hearing-impaired customers - in contrast for example to the so-called Mitschreibkräften which can usually only very fragmentary information, take notes (eg for physically disabled students who themselves can not make notes in a lecture) and do not have the necessary high write speed ( and the extensive background knowledge and experience ) of professional font interpreters have and therefore are not sufficient for the widest possible inclusion of hearing impaired people.
According to the latest standards (1 April 2012), several tests / certificates are recognized by the payers. For this purpose, inter alia, include the certificate of the Academy Z & P ( forms no longer ), the German Hard of Hearing Association (DSB eV ) and the Kombia GbR.
The certificate examinations of the DSB eV and the Kombia GbR are thereby open to external audit participants. Appropriate knowledge, professional experience, etc. are demonstrated to the audit approval. Expected skills to the test specimen here are relative accuracy, a fixed percentage of agreement with what has been said ( varies depending on the technique, since not every technique can convert word by word in Scripture ), familiarity with the hearing-impaired customers (communication, explanation of its activity ), compliance with the interpreter role, familiarity with the technique and the prevention of accidents, report generation. In addition, in some tests (DSB / Kombia ) is checked the technical vocabulary and knowledge of the client group ( socialization, special needs, problems, ... ) in a final written work. A national examination is in the preparation.
In addition to these certificates there are other Prüfungsabeschlüsse and certificates which are not recognized everywhere in the same way or not by the cost objects. Currently (as of 1 July 2011) there are in the whole of Germany only a few active (estimated at 20-25 ) Font interpreters who have a recognized examination / a recognized certificate.
Legal classification
The German hearing impaired covenant is based on the definition of interpretation as an information transfer and bridging communication barriers as well as the process of transformation of characters or representations in other signs or representations.
The legislature has been listed in the communication aid regulation in addition to § 3.1 sign language interpreters as an additional communication aids for hearing impaired people in § 3.2:
- Font interpreters and interpreters font
- Simultaneous writing interpreters and simultaneous interpreting Scripture
- Oral interpreters and oral interpreters
- Communication assistants and Communication Assistant