SS-N-22

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SS-N -22 Sunburn is the NATO code for a sea-based anti-ship missile from Russian production. The system name in the Russian armed forces is P-80 and P -270 Moskit Moskit -M. The GRAU index for the guided missile 3M80 and 3M82 is.

Development

The SS-N -22 was developed as a successor system of the SS -N-2 Styx. Compared with the SS-N -2, the new missile should have a longer range and a much higher airspeed. The new missile was to combat destroyers and cruisers designed, which feature modern missile defense systems. The development in the design office MKB Raduga (later NPO Maschinostrojenija ) began in 1973. The developers have placed particular emphasis on a high airspeed and on the protection against electronic countermeasures. According to the manufacturer, the SS -N -22 is largely insensitive to electronic jamming. The first rockets were introduced in 1981 in the Soviet Navy on the destroyers of Sovremenny class. After that, the SS-N- 22 was installed on small attack boats. Based on the SS-N- 22, the airborne version of Ch- 41 (Russian X -41 ) was developed later.

Technology

The SS-N -22 can be launched from ships and coastal positions from. The missiles are housed in steel containers and are fired directly from them. The starting container has a characteristic cylindrical geometry. Before starting the approximate position and course of the target must be entered in the navigation system of the missile. These are determined by means of sonar, radar and ELINT from the starting platform. The missiles can be programmed to different trajectories and courses so that they arrive simultaneously from different directions in the target area. The missile can be launched individually or in a short series. At the start of the missile is first accelerated by the solid rocket boosters. After 3-4 seconds it is burned out and the ramjet cruise engine is started. After that, the rocket takes the pre-programmed altitude. There are two pre-programmed flight profiles: In the standard flight profile of the cruise takes place at an altitude of 12,000 m at a speed of Mach 2.8-3.0. The last 20-40 km will be covered at low altitude. The range on this flight profile is 120-160 km. In addition, the flight can be made to the target at low altitude with Mach 1.8-2.2 at a height of 20-30 m. The range on this flight profile is 80-120 km. The flight to the target area is done autonomously by means of inertial navigation platform. A radar altimeter provides the necessary safety distance between the missile and the sea surface. Updated target data can be transmitted by the launch platform for the missile by means of a data link. For the target approach the onboard active radar seeker head is activated. This operates in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz and can cover a cruiser up to 75 km. Flying low, the real radar range is significantly reduced by the radar horizon, however. Became the target captured by the radar seeker head, the active radar search head is switched off and the rocket is performed by means of passive radar seeker to the target. This is based on the electromagnetic emissions ( radar jamming systems ) which emits the target. Loses the missile the target, the active radar seeker head is immediately reactivated. Immediately after targeting the missile drops to a height of 5-20 m (depending on swell ). While the objective approach the rocket leads randomly by several abrupt evasive maneuver with a load of up to 10 g. The impact in the target is at wave height in the hull. 320 kg penetration warhead ignites a time delay so that it will explode inside the ship. Due to the high speed, the SS-N -22 has a high kinetic energy, which greatly damage potential with it. The missile can be equipped kt with a nuclear warhead with an explosive power of 200.

Strategic importance

The SS-N- 22 was designed to sink a large warship of the size of a destroyer with a single hit, or at least be able to make operational incapable. With the nuclear variant of an entire fleet dressing can be destroyed with one blow. When Western intelligence services of the SS-N -22 found out she was worried there for some nervousness. Worldwide, there was no missile defense system with which the SS-N -22 could be fought. Even with the newly developed Aegis combat system the U.S. Navy seemed to effectively combat not possible. Due to the extreme low level flight and high speed flight the attacked ship remain only about 15-20 seconds time to take defensive action if the missile has not been discovered by an external reconnaissance system. Also, the passive and active working seeker as well as the arbitrary rate changes in the target approach make it difficult to locate and combat. Similarly, the nuclear warhead can be detonated at a distance of 1-1.5 km from the finish, so the rocket does not come up in the area of ​​influence of the short range defense systems.

The SS N- 22 has over conventional anti-ship missile also has some disadvantages. Through your size, only a limited number of missiles can be placed on ships. Similarly, generate their size and the four air intakes a large radar cross section. Even (especially the missile tip) is strongly heated by the high airspeed of the missile body. These two factors in turn promote the localization and control.

Variants

  • P-80 zubr: Initial version, with 3M80 missile, range 93 km
  • P -80M Moskit: first production version, with 3M82 missile, range 120 km
  • P -80E Moskit -E: Export version of the P -80M
  • P -270 Moskit: revised redesign, range 120-140 km
  • P- 270M Moskit -M: Extensively modernized P -270, with rocket 3M82M, range 160 km
  • P- 270ME Moskit -ME: export version of the P- 270M
  • P- 270mW Moskit MW: vehicle-mounted version of the P -270 to the coast defense, installed on a MZKT - 7930 truck
  • P- 270MWE Moskit - MWE: export version of the P- 270mW
  • Ch- 41 Moskit ( NATO reporting name AS -22) airborne version, range up to 220 km
  • ASM - MMS: Export version of the Ch- 41

Carrier platforms

Sea-launched

  • Sovremenny class
  • Udaloy II class
  • Tarantul III class
  • Bora - class
  • Lun - class ( ground effect vehicle)

Based air (carrier aircraft)

  • Sukhoi Su- 30MK " Flanker -C "
  • Sukhoi Su-33 " Flanker -D"
  • Sukhoi Su -34 " Fullback "
  • Sukhoi Su- 35 " Flanker -E"
  • Tupolev Tu- 22M3 " Backfire C"

Dissemination

  • People's Republic of China People's Republic of China
  • Russia Russia
Booster (rocketry) Mach number NPO Mashinostroyeniya Electromagnetic spectrum Radio horizon Sea state Tarantul-class corvette Bora-class guided missile hovercraft Lun-class ekranoplan Kh-22 KSR-2 9K114 Shturm Kh-59
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