Stair riser

A step (also step or kick ) is the single gradient element of a staircase. A step is used for simple overcome height differences. The first step in a staircase is called the inaugural stage, the last stage as leakage. The geometry of the individual steps is in direct contact with the stair slope.

2.1 Block Level
2.2 wedge step
2.3 tread and riser
2.4 Kragstufe
2.5 Further

Terms

Appearance

As appearance (A ) is called the depth of the horizontal surface, which extends from the front edge of a step to the front edge of their impact or riser down. The stair treads in the exterior of buildings are deeper than those in the interior generally.

Slope

As slope ( S ) is called the step height, measured in centimeters, etc. Outside of the technical language in the construction slope is given as the ratio of the height difference divided by the base, that is a unitless number used.

Bottom step

The bottom step is the first step in the staircase. In the simple form of the bottom step differs neither in form nor in the material of the other stages. The simplest special design of the bottom step is broadening its the edges, especially the side edges may be curved. A change of the material from wood to stone takes to protect themselves especially in wooden outdoor stairs to the wood from standing moisture. This change of material is also used in representative indoor stairs, thereby highlighting the stairs especially. The bottom step may be designed as a more or less large departure platform, in which a change of direction of the pass line is possible without coiled stages, which can also consist of a different material.

Exit level

The exit stage is the last stage in the upper flight of stairs. They can be either part of the flight of stairs and is then formed as the other stages, or they may also be part of the pedestal, and is then formed in the material and shape as a part of the platform.

Construction

Block level

A block level, also known as block level, is a massive stage with a rectangular cross section. The massive bottom step, as it is often used in wooden stairs, is also called block level.

Wedge step

Wedge steps ( delta levels) are stages of wedge-shaped cross-section. The bottom of a staircase with wedge steps is not abgetreppt at block level, but at an angle to the flight of stairs below.

Tread and riser

The riser is the vertical component between two stages. It is also called shock stage, feed stage or bird table. In open stairs, the riser is absent; then the distance between the levels must be less than 11 cm, if the presence of children of 3 years and older to be expected, less than 8.9 cm, when children are present under 3 years. This is to prevent a child's head can be pushed in between.

Kragstufe

If levels are fixed on only one side, either directly protrudes freely into the staircase wall or a wall cheek and the other end, this is referred to as Kragstufe. With traditional embedded in the wall of the massive stone steps torsional force is overcome by the overlying of the Stufeneinspannung masonry. Even if the stages are fixed by means of heavy duty dowels and screws adjustable inlet stages mandrel, the torsional force must be absorbed by the weight of the overlying wall or a concealed under plaster reinforced concrete beam. For steel stairs, a correspondingly dimensioned wall cheek take the turning forces. The steps can thereby be directly welded or bolted. The cheek wall must then be substantially thicker sized Even with wooden stairs, the steps have a stepped mandrel made of steel or stainless steel, which must be rigidly bolted to the cheek. Similar constructions are also available for natural stone slab steps, where, however, a wall cheek comes from steel. All of these new types of construction are possible only with appropriate authorization or individual verification. Note also that the torsional force to be introduced into the platform at the beginning and at the end of the cheek.

As an L- level is usually called a stepped profile of cast stone or precast concrete steps, in which the riser at the rear edge of the stage sits above.
An angular step is a step profile usually of cast stone or precast concrete steps, in which the riser is attached to the front edge of the stage below.
A Z- stage is a step profile usually of concrete blocks or pre-cast concrete part stages, in which a part of the riser hanging down at the leading edge of the stage and a portion at the rear edge of the step rests above.
Steps made trough-shaped folded steel and stainless steel sheets are called trough kicks or trough levels. For industrial stairs they are doubled with grids or used filled with screed or concrete. In commercial and residential buildings they are filled with screed used as Rohstufe and covered with carpet, linoleum or other resilient flooring.
Asymmetric stages are stages of straight steep stairs with different widths appearance, which alternate from slope to slope left and right.
As a corner ride the stage is called, which is at winding stairs in the corner of the stairwell. It is useful if the steps leading edge is not running directly into the corner.
Is called Spickeltritt at a einläufig semi- coiled stairs the tread, which almost exactly in the middle of the coiling - ie rotated about 90 ° - lies. Most beautiful it looks natural when this stage is exactly in the middle, but this is dependent on many factors planning on arrival and exit.

Levels of materials

For stair treads are a variety of building materials used:

Wood: Easier stairs are made of pine wood, while at higher quality stairs rather hard woods such as beech or oak and exotic woods are used, or predominantly foreign hard exotic wood species such as teak and bangkirai.
Natural stone: From the rough stone stairs made of shatter to polished and provided with reinforcement cantilevered steel bolts stairs. The criteria for the use of natural stone are the strength and thus the breaking strength, resulting in minimum thicknesses and maximum spans. Moreover, the surface hardness is important because it is crucial for attrition, and thus for the area in little or much traffic areas. The inner structure is important since it is critical for the possible surface treatments, and thus critical for the anti-slip properties. Granite: high strength, high abrasion resistance. Different surface treatments possible.
Marble, because of their variety of colors and their grain insbesondes representative at stairs. However, the marbles are a softer rock which limits its use in heavily used areas.
Sandstone because of the limitations of surface treatment and also because of the very different strength classes and abrasion classes rather less in use. In regional terms, but they can be very often encountered especially in older buildings.
Slate mainly regional encountered in older buildings due to their limitations in surface treatment and mainly because of low strength.

Step profiles

The stages leading edge is claimed at a staircase at the most. To increase the capacity of this edge, it may be useful to enhance these edges with metal rails. It may also be useful to take special precautions against slipping in this area. These can be inserted hard plastic strips or metal strips. It can also be a roughening of natural stone steps in this area are provided.

A Stufengleitschutzprofil to prevent slippage of the foot of the steps leading edge. Are profiles which are adapted to increase the frictional resistance on the step front edge. Simplest solution is a roughening nose of the step. More Gleitschutzprofile are incorporated into a groove hard rubber lip, cast- in concrete or artificial stone hard rubber profiles, screwed on the stairs or in the levels of cast- grooved flat or angled metal rails, sometimes inlaid with replaceable hard rubber profiles, plastic step edges with fluting to glue plastic raceway surfaces.

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