Stromboli

Stromboli August 2003

Stromboli is an Italian island with the same name, still active volcano of the type of Strato or stratovolcano. The island is located in the Mediterranean Sea north of Sicily.

Stromboli is one with its neighboring islands of Lipari, Salina, Vulcano, Panarea, Filicudi and Alicudi to the archipelago of the Aeolian or Lipari Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The island belongs to the municipality of Lipari in the province of Messina.

The height of the towering out of the water, almost cone- shaped island is 926 meters from sea level from where other documents are 918 meters and 968 meters specified. From the Deep of the cone of Stromboli volcano rises to around 3000 meters. The area of ​​the island is only 12.6 square kilometers, which is unusual for this level.

The island

The island's name is from the Greek word Strongyle ( ancient Greek Στρογγυλή, the round [Island ] ') developed (see Strongyli ).

Stromboli can be reached regularly by boat from Naples and Sicily situated on port cities Milazzo and Messina. During the holiday season fast boats from the coast of Calabria (port: Tropea ) to the volcanic islands.

The island has a population of 572 people (as of the 2001 census). On the island of Stromboli, there are two villages: The districts Scari, San Vincenzo, Ficogrande, Piscità and San Bartolomeo in the Northeast are now virtually grown together and are therefore subsumed under the local name of Stromboli. There live 542 permanent residents. Ginostra is located in the south-west and is not connected by land to the place Stromboli, unless you exceed the volcano. Ginostra has only 30 inhabitants and is accessible by boats or hydrofoils. Cars hardly exist in both places. In Ginostra there are only narrow footpaths and in Stromboli allowed electric mini vans and motorized tricycles to supply the population and the population scooter ride. On the northwest side of the island is the " Sciara del Fuoco " ( "Fire slide " ), at the upper end are the crater and the lava of the volcano to the sea sometimes flows down. Despite the countless tourists and researchers who visit the volcano, the island has retained much of its original charm.

Less than two kilometers northeast of the island rises before a small uninhabited rock in the sea, the Strombolicchio on which only a lighthouse. The Strombolicchio is the fixed, stable core of a former volcano.

To this day, the inhabitants of Stromboli are proud that the Hollywood star Ingrid Bergman in 1949 stayed on the island to rotate the melodrama Stromboli, directed by Roberto Rossellini. The film shows impressively how poor the island was then. The house in which Bergman and Rossellini stayed, is a plate.

Vegetation Geography

Vegetationsgeografisch can be distinguished on Stromboli three characteristic zones:

Geology

About 40,000 years ago, it came in the Late Pleistocene to the initial outbreak of the Paleo- Stromboli. The stand out as vent filling remaining remnant of a volcano is possibly even older, 1.5 km off the northeast coast lying in the sea Strombolicchio. At the end of the activity of the Paleo- Stromboli a caldera formed by a vulkanotektonischen slump of about 1.8 x 3 km, the marked today by the Sierra i Vancori, toward the sea open Paleo- Stromboli caldera.

Within this caldera was formed in the aftermath, a new volcano, the eccentrically nested in the old caldera older Neo - Stromboli, whose Erstausbruch began about 10,000 years ago. In the course of its work, the Neo - Stromboli Stromboli paleo - caldera filled almost completely, which, in contrast to the current activity of Stromboli, abundant lava flew out. 5000 to 6000 years ago, it came at the end of the activities of the older Neo - Stromboli turn into one, but smaller Calderaeinbruch, through which the Sciara -del- Fuoco trench formed, a so-called " unbroken caldera " on the northwest slope of the volcano.

Following the collapse of the Neo - Stromboli caldera formed about 5,000 years ago, at the southeast end of the eccentric younger Neo - Stromboli today as the active volcano.

Strombolian activity

The Stromboli is constantly active. From time to time (a few minutes to an hour ) it comes from several crater openings to larger and smaller eruptions. The ejected material usually falls back into the crater or it rolls partially over the Sciara del Fuoco into the sea.

This regular ejection of lava, slag and ash is so typical of Stromboli that the term Strombolian or Strombolian activity is generally used for volcanic activity of this kind. This unique, continuous activity is due to the so-called " two-phase convection ." At a certain height of the chimney, the steam pressure of the gases is higher than the pressure of the gases located above the liquid. The gas bubbles formed thereby rise and tear through her ​​bursting on the surface magma shreds with it. This degassing brings about an increase of the density of the melt concerned itself, now, in turn, decreases, and thus forms a continuous loop.

The outbreak of 1930

On the way from Stromboli place to Labronzo plateau is crossed on a bridge overgrown with reeds and brambles Vallonazzo Gorge. Here the cost of a pyroclastic flow of ash, slag, rocks and hot gases on September 11, 1930 three inhabitants of the island life.

The pyroclastic flow raced with a front height of 10 meters and a speed of 70 km / h through the narrow gorge to the sea. Some boats lying on the beach were set on fire and the sea began to boil within a radius of about 20 meters. Up to 100 meters from the side of the canyon burned the vines.

During the outbreak, the sea initially lowered by more than one meter, then flooded violently back and rose to 2.20 meters above its normal level.

Ongoing activity

The Stromboli is continuously active at a low level since 1934. Together gives for the current type a Vulkanexplosivitätsindex of 2 (moderate). Typical manifestations are local explosions, which can be heard partly in a wide area, lava flows on a small scale, and the ejection of loose material. The activity varies greatly; special events were held in late 2002 and early 2007.

On December 29, 2002 ripped through an unusually strong lava flow from a part of the volcanic cone, slipped into the sea, causing a tidal wave. By falling throwing bombs and rocks in the vegetation well above the inhabited parts of the island smaller fires have been triggered, but the extinguished quickly by itself. Some of the underlying oceanfront houses of the village of Stromboli were damaged by the tsunami. Since there were few tourists in the winter on the island and the permanent population is small, no one was injured. The entire island was evacuated for more than two months, mainly to Lipari. Tourist ships sailed the island at this time to not.

On the morning of April 5, 2003, then a larger eruption that could be heard clearly in Stromboli -site occurred. About the fossa a large mushroom-shaped cloud of smoke went up, the islanders could hear the hammering of larger blocks. In Ginostra few blocks went down. There were no injuries, but two homes were hit and damaged by meter-sized bombs. On the side of Stromboli place bombs also went down that the place, however, not reached.

The lava flow on the Sciara stopped on 22 July 2003. Strombolian activity at the northeastern crater continued to promote frequently lava, while on the southwest crater only ash clouds were observed.

Nearly four years later, on 27 February 2007, lava flowed again the Sciara del Fuoco down to the sea and formed a remarkable lava delta in coastal areas. The authorities warned of possible floods and landslides that could be initiated as early as 2002, and advised the inhabitants of Stromboli and the neighboring islands to stay no deeper than 10 meters above sea level. On 15 March 2007, a massive paroxysmal eruption of the summit crater occurred at 20:37 GMT. On March 30, 2007, there were three arms of the lava flow to see who came from a knock-out opening in 420 meters above sea level. On 2 April 2007, the lava flow stopped.

Colonization and economic history

From the official guides which indicates that the island was continuously inhabited since at least 7000 years. Credible evidence of a permanent settlement over several millennia, but they can not specify. On the neighboring islands, and in particular Lipari was recovered in the Stone Age at the time of the valuable obsidian, which, however, does not occur on Stromboli. Stromboli was known in ancient times the Greeks. In modern times, until 1930, the wine has been the main income, but was abandoned as a result of phylloxera infestation and the former volcanic eruption, so that the population declined significantly. As a result of Rossellinischen film came on tourism, which presents practically the only economic source of the island.

Tourism

In shared summit region may be completely climb the volcano, accompanied by a local mountain guide who endows groups of visitors with safety helmets. The ascent alone is from an altitude of 400 m for years officially banned, which is also controlled and may result in severe fines by itself. The ascent is usually made ​​from the village of Stromboli, more rarely of Ginostra. Since the volcano best shows his fiery spectacle in night sky, the rise usually begins in the late afternoon, and stay on the summit and descent will take place in the dark.

The ascent of Stromboli place usually results in a fairly laborious, sweaty, but dangerous new path, which was opened in late 2004. First, it goes steeply up through the scrub up, then moderate, but long switchbacks through lava fields to the old summit ridge. To descend a different route is chosen east of the summit through a field of volcanic ash - it is shorter, but not suitable for ascent. The guides set up in such descent before a respectable pace, can be followed only with adequate fitness.

After the Stromboli eruptions 2002-03 the project was to lay the old farm roads as trails free again tackled. So far, however, only a single, but very beautiful loop has been realized. In the first section it is identical to the way the mountain guide treading with their groups in the summit crater. Then he crossed in the Sciara del Fuoco and on the old route of ascent can ascend above the Punta Labronzo even without compulsory guide to the promising height of 400 m.

Stromboli in literature and film

  • Roberto Rossellini: Stromboli, 1949
  • Nanni Moretti: Dear Diary ... ( Caro Diario ), 1993
  • Alfred Andersch: The Fire Island or the return of captain Tizzoni, NWDR, 1953
Stromboli (Film) (26761) Stromboli Italy Vapor pressure Favignana Levanzo Marettimo Lampedusa Linosa Augusta, Sicily Pantelleria Ustica
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