Struve Geodetic Arc

* This name is listed on the World Heritage List. ª The region is classified by UNESCO.

The Russian Scandinavian meridian arc or short Struve Geodetic Arc, named after the German Baltic astronomers Wilhelm von Struve (1793-1864), is an elongated network of geodetic survey points. He has about the course of a meridian arc and is almost 3,000 km long. His stiffened by triangulation dual point chain was built from 1816 to 1852 under the supervision of the Russian officer Carl Struve and Tenner ( 1783-1859 ) to serve for the accurate determination of the earth's shape (size, shape, flattening ) in Northern and Eastern Europe.

The Struve Arc is one of the most accurate and largest projects of the former Geodesy and internationally supervised under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale des Géomètres ( International Federation of Surveyors, FIG).

Course

The Struve Arc is from Fuglenes (70 ° 40 '11 "N, 23 ° 38 ' 48" O70.66972222222223.646666666667 in Hammerfest at the North Cape ) to Staro- Nekrassowka (45 ° 20 '48 " N, 28 ° 55 ' 48" O45.34666666666728.93 in Izmail on the Black Sea ) and runs through from north to south, the territory of the states of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. He thus extends in a north-south direction over a total of 2821.833 km (= 25 ° 20'08 "). The Struve Arc is composed of a total of 265 survey points that form 258 main triangles. Besides this purpose are over 60 survey points.

Only two measurement points are located in buildings:

  • The Observatory of Tartu (Tartu, Estonia / early 19th century by J. W. Krause built ) serves as the origin of triangulation. It was restored in 2009-2011 and is now part of the Museum of the University of Tartu.
  • The Church of Alatornio (Finland ) (1797 ) remained virtually in its original condition. The measuring point is a point inside the church tower. ( The church of Tornio was used from 1736 to 1737 by Pierre -Louis Moreau de Maupertuis in his measurements to the flattening of the North Pole. )

The other points are obelisks, stone hills and the like.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Struve Arc is in addition to its importance for geodesy also an early example of international scientific cooperation. Represented by its 34 measuring points he was therefore by the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO in the list of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity on 15 July 2005, making it the first "scientific instrument " in this list.

The following measurement points that are part of the World Heritage, were selected according to their importance. They are evenly distributed over the entire sheet, representing all the countries involved, corresponding to the points originally used, are at risk only in a small way and can be entertained by local institutions.

  • Norway: Fuglenes (70 ° 40 ' 12 " N, 23 ° 39 ' 48" O70.6723.663333333333, Hammerfest)
  • Lille- Raipas (69 ° 56 ' 19 " N, 23 ° 21' 37 " O69.93861111111123.360277777778, Unna Ráipásaš; Alta)
  • Lodiken (69 ° 39 ' 52 "N, 23 ° 36 ' 8" O69.66444444444423.602222222222, Luvdiidcohkka; Kautokeino )
  • Baelljasvarri (69 ° 1 ' 43 "N, 23 ° 18' 19" O69.02861111111123.305277777778, Bealjášvárri; Kautokeino )
  • Tynnyrilaki (68 ° 15 ' 18 "N, 22 ° 58' 59" O68.25522.983055555556, Kiruna )
  • Jupukka (67 ° 16 ' 36 "N, 23 ° 14 ' 35" O67.27666666666723.243055555556, Pajala )
  • Pullinki (66 ° 38 ' 47 " N, 23 ° 46' 55" O66.64638888888923.781944444444, Övertorneå )
  • Perävaara (66 ° 1 ' 5 " N, 23 ° 55' 21" O66.01805555555623.9225, Haparanda )
  • Stuor - Oivi (68 ° 40 ' 57 "N, 22 ° 44' 45 " O68.682522.745833333333, Enontekiö )
  • Aavasaksa (66 ° 23 ' 52 "N, 23 ° 43' 31" O66.39777777777823.725277777778, Ylitornio )
  • Church of Alatornio (65 ° 49 '48 " N, 24 ° 9' 26" O65.8324.157222222222, Tornio )
  • Oravivuori (61 ° 55 ' 36 "N, 25 ° 32 ' 1" O61.92666666666725.533611111111, Korpilahti )
  • Tornikallio (60 ° 42 ' 17 "N, 26 ° 0' 12" O60.70472222222226.003333333333, Lapinjärvi )
  • Mustaviiri (60 ° 16 '35 " N, 26 ° 36' 12" O60.27638888888926.603333333333, Pyhtää )
  • Mäki - päälys (60 ° 4 ' 27 " N, 26 ° 58 ' 11 " O60.07416666666726.969722222222, Gogland, Rajon Kingissepp )
  • Gogland, Z ( 60 ° 5 ' 7 " N, 26 ° 57' 40 " O60.08527777777826.961111111111, Rajon Kingissepp )
  • Woibifer (59 ° 3 ' 28 " N, 26 ° 20' 16" O59.05777777777826.337777777778, Avanduse )
  • Katko (59 ° 2 ' 54 " N, 26 ° 24' 51" O59.04833333333326.414166666667, Avanduse )
  • Tartu Observatory ( 58 ° 22 ' 44 "N, 26 ° 43' 12" O58.37888888888926.72, Tartu )
  • Sestu - Kalns (56 ° 50 ' 24 "N, 25 ° 38' 12" O56.8425.636666666667, Sausnēja )
  • Jacob City (56 ° 30 '5 " N, 25 ° 51' 24 " O56.50138888888925.856666666667, Jēkabpils )
  • Karischki (55 ° 54 '9 "N, 25 ° 26' 12" O55.902525.436666666667, Panemunėlis )
  • Meschkanzi (54 ° 55 ' 51 " N, 25 ° 19 ' 0" O54.93083333333325.316666666667, Nemenčinė )
  • Beresnäki (54 ° 38 '4 " N, 25 ° 25' 45 " O54.63444444444425.429166666667, Nemėžis )
  • Tupischki (54 ° 17 '30 " N, 26 ° 2' 43 " O54.29166666666726.045277777778, Aschmjany )
  • Lopati (53 ° 33 ' 38 "N, 24 ° 52 ' 11 " O53.56055555555624.869722222222, Selwa )
  • Ossownitza (52 ° 17 ' 22 " N, 25 ° 38' 58 " O52.28944444444425.649444444444, Ivanovo )
  • Tchekuzk (52 ° 12 ' 28 " N, 25 ° 33' 23" O52.20777777777825.556388888889, Ivanovo )
  • Leskowitschi (52 ° 9 ' 39 " N, 25 ° 34' 17 " O52.16083333333325.571388888889, Ivanovo )
  • Katerinowka (49 ° 33 ' 57 "N, 26 ° 45' 22" O49.56583333333326.756111111111, Antonivka )
  • Felschtin (49 ° 19 '48 " N, 26 ° 40' 55" O49.3326.681944444444, Hvardiiske )
  • Baranovka (49 ° 8 ' 55 "N, 26 ° 59 ' 30" O49.14861111111126.991666666667, Baranivka )
  • Staro- Nekrassowka (45 ° 19 ' 54 " N, 28 ° 55' 41 " O45.33166666666728.928055555556, Nekrasivka )
  • Rudi (48 ° 19 ' 8 " N, 27 ° 52' 36 " O48.31888888888927.876666666667, Rudi (Moldova ) )

Others

  • Wilhelm von Hanno in 1854 designed the Meridian monument to the Struve Arc, it was completed in 1856.
  • The first " square " commemorative White Russia ( December 29, 2006, 1 ruble, AG925, D = 36 mm, 33.63 g, edition of 5000 pcs ) shows on the one hand, the complete course and on the other side of the Belarusian part the Struve arc.
  • An Estonian postage stamp (1932 ) shows the Observatory in Tartu.
  • On 12 May 2011 the Swedish Post expended a stamp block with two triangular stamps on the theme Struve Geodetic Arc.
Figure of the Earth Steeple Alta, Norway Ashmyany Zel’va district Urnes Stave Church Rock carvings at Alta Vegaøyan Geirangerfjord Birka Visby Gammelstaden Laponian area Karlskrona naval base Rauma, Finland Verla Kvarken Kizhi Pogost Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius Kolomenskoye Kazan Kremlin Curonian Spit Altai Mountains Lena River Sikhote-Alin Kihnu Mir Castle Complex Chersonesus (Crimea) Wooden tserkvas of Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine
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