StubiÄke Toplice
The village Stubičke Toplice ( Stubica - Toeplitz ) lies in the Krapina-Zagorje County, about 20 kilometers north of Zagreb in Croatia. It is famous for its hot springs.
Community
The community consists of four settlements in an area of 27 km2 and comprises according to census 2011 population 2,805 ( 98.11 % of Croatian descent ). It is divided into four parts: Stubičke Toplice, Strmec Stubički, Pila and Sljeme.
Thermal springs
Location
The thermal springs are located near the village of Donja Stubica the northwest foot of Mount Kamenjak. The center is located near the confluence of the two rivers Vukšenac and vidak creek to creek Toplicki ( Toplica ). Hot springs are located two kilometers north-east of it, in the group of houses Jezerčica ( warm pool ).
History
The hot springs were first mentioned as Zlubiza in a charter of 1205, which documented a land restitution between King Andrew II of Hungary and the Comes Wratislaw.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, the hot springs were used in the simplest form. We bathed in wooden vessels under the open sky and stayed at simple inns on site. It was common to make blood cleanings with all sorts of means of traditional quackery. Especially the rural population used the possibilities offered by the Kurzweil.
As Agramer Bishop Maximilian Vrhovac Rakitovecs of the region brought in 1820 in his possession, the expansion of the area to the spa with paved and partially still preserved buildings began. An important structural expansion took place again until 1895.
The conversions after 1820 aroused scientific interest in the sources and the environment. On behalf of the farmer stem Society in Steyermark 's presidency Archduke Johann, the sources were first examined from the contemporary scientific view. In the publication from 1820 Physical - chemical study of the mineral springs of Sztubitza in Croatia Friedrich Baumbach presented a description of the source area, including a copper engraving view and a management plan.
In 1856, Karl Ritter von Hauer, took a chemical analysis of the sources before.
Insufficient water regulations have the bathing area repeatedly introduced floods in the 19th century. In response, straightening works and embankments have been made in the riparian zones several times.
Source types
There are complex hot and cold water sources. The water temperatures vary depending on the source and the season 43-69 ° C.
On hot springs are known ( temperatures, according to 1910):
- Maximilianeum ( 50 ° C)
- Main source (59 ° C)
- Meadow Springs (44 ° C)
- Antonia - mud ( multiple sources, used to be a mud pit )
- Levi Fountain
- Levi source ( 63 ° C)
- Web source ( 63 ° C)
And outside the beach area:
- Jezerčica ( warm pool ), at the western exit of Donja Stubica
Geology
The hot springs originate from three parallel columns, in which the water pushes upward. You Steichen in the direction NE-SW. In the studies of Karl Gorjanović - Kramberger was found as the main rock nearby Leithakalk ( with Lithothamnien ) from the Miocene and overlying pale yellow platy limestone clay. The valley floor is formed by alluvial sediments.
In many places the Toplicabaches occurs from hot water, thus increasing the temperature of the stream to the side of the open out Vidakbaches. On the grounds of the spa is a total a significantly higher soil temperature observed. The thermal springs of Stubičke Toplice are among the warmest of its kind in Croatia.
The entrained by the rising spring waters mud, according to studies by Ferdo cooking and Mijo Kišpatić a mixture of quartz, feldspar, tourmaline, epidote, muscovite, iron oxides, pyroxene and calcite. Especially on the main source of travertine is deposited.