Süderelbe
Old Harburg Elbe bridge ( south portal )
Template: Infobox River / Obsolete
The Southern Elbe and Köhlbrand are a stretch of the River Elbe in Hamburg between the river kilometers 609 and 626 of the North Elbe. Together with the branching Norderelbe and the Southern Elbe subsequent Köhlbrand it forms a so-called inland delta of the river island William Castle. The area is how the entire Lower Elbe also tidebeeinflusst by the tidal crossing the North Sea.
The Southern Elbe is like the entire Elbe in Germany a federal waterway and a so-called delegation path, ie Management and maintenance are performed by the agents of the Federation of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.
Course
At river kilometer 609, the coming from the southeast Elbe river divides into two parts. The Southern Elbe runs from here initially in a westerly direction, and yet forms a short time (up Süderelbe km 611 ) the border between Hamburg and Lower Saxony. At the height of the Southern Elbe - km 613 the A1 motorway cruising on the highway bridge Moorwerder the Southern Elbe. Less than 2 km later the Süderelbbrücken cross the river. It is a conglomerate of four buildings. First, the steel bridges rail route between Hanover and Hamburg span the stream, then the bridge follow Europe on the A 253 and the bridge of the 17th June. Finally completes the Old Harburg Elbe bridge as architectural monument worth seeing the ensemble. After the turn of the Reiherstieg at km 615 of the running of the Southern Elbe swings in northwestern direction. At the end of the elongated portion of the curve Kattwyk bridge spans the stream at km 618. Then, the river swings to the north and is located at km 621 on the 4.5 km long Köhlbrand. On the western shore in this section is the Container Terminal Werder.
History
At the Southern Elbe, the port of Harburg- Wilhelm castle was built. Until the 16th century, the Southern Elbe was the much deeper, more water-bearing arm of the Elbe. Nevertheless Hamburg forced on the basis of 1359 conferred by Emperor Charles IV stack right all the same passing merchant ships to take the route via the North Elbe and offer their goods in the city. In the 16th century the cities of Harburg, Stade, Buxtehude and Lüneburg brought proceedings before the imperial court their right to free navigation on the Southern Elbe. The Hamburg commissioned then the painter Melchior Lorck to create a map of the lower Elbe, which should highlight the importance of the city to the river. In 1568, this one meter high and twelve meters long map was presented to the court, which reduced the Southern Elbe and the North Elbe enlarged represented. Fifty years later, in 1618, came the verdict: Norder and Southern Elbe were considered to be a river, the Hamburg privileges were to be applied.
In the following centuries Hamburg pursued with various water construction, the enlargement of the North Elbe to the detriment of, situated on the Southern Elbe Harburg harbor. Due to the reclamation of four and the marshlands, the straightening of the river Elbe at Spadenland in 1570 and the puncture of Grasbrook in 1604 the Southern Elbe silted by reducing the amount of water and flow rate. 1878 Hamburg also headed the Norderelbe to Kaltehofe around. Only with the treaty between Prussia and Hamburg on 14 November 1908 ( 3 Köhlbrandvertrag ) the dispute was finally settled, the stained house cusp was extended with a Leitdamm, which should achieve a uniform division of the effluent water quantity. Still, to this day, with a ratio of 45:55 favoring the Southern Elbe (water quantity measurement → Colorful house cusp ).
After the devastating 1962 storm surge Finkenwerder, Old Werder and Hamburg- Waltershof were diked increased. These districts lost through the barrier of the Old Southern Elbe ( section between the confluence with the Köhlbrand and the western end near Finkenwerder ) its island character. Side of a road link to Neuenfelde Cranz and now runs the northwestern barrier the start and runway of Luftwerft of Airbus Germany GmbH (EADS). On Waltershof is also the southern ramp of the new Elbe Tunnel during the A7 motorway.