Suillus luteus
Butter mushroom ( Suillus luteus )
The butter or butter mushroom Boletus ( Suillus luteus ) is a species of fungus in the family Schmierröhrlingsverwandten. It often grows in symbiosis with pine. Although he is usually classed as edible mushrooms, he presents a health risk according to recent findings.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Features
The yellow- green to chocolate brown hat is wide up to 12 cm. He is at first hemispherical, then expanded cushion shaped. The hat is muco- greasy, bare and dry shiny, smooth. The tubes are pale yellow, later trüboliv to brownish yellow and the stem slightly increased to slightly decurrent it. The stalk is 6-12 cm long and 1-2.5 cm thick. He is usually cylindrical or somewhat thickened clavate towards the base. A whitish veil partiale (partial cover) initially connects it with the hat brim and stays later than membranous ring - just a few Dickröhrlingsartige have a stem ring.
Artabgrenzung
The doppelgangers counts of Ringlose butter mushroom ( P. collinitus ), which, however, is only found on limestone soils and a ringless stem has a pink base. The grain of Boletus (p. granulatus ) also has no ring and a whitish to yellowish stem entirely without pink tones. Besides these two pine companions can also strictly bound to larch gold Boletus (S grevillei ) look similar. The fruit bodies have but rarely a brown but mostly a lemon yellow to red-orange colored hat.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
The butter fungus is spread all over the northern hemisphere and is considered Europe's common. He accompanies the pine species from the seashores to the alpine zones. He has a penchant for cold temperate climate and is not a direct soil requirements, but he seems to prefer acidic, nutrient-poor soils.
During the period from September to October you can often find him standing in groups.
Importance
Trivial names
In the U.S., where the butter mushroom has been widely used by pine plantations, he got the name " Slippery Jack" because of its slimy texture, which means as much as " Slippery John". In Bavaria, therefore it is also called " Rotzer ".
Feed value
The edibility of the fungus is controversial. In most cases, however, he is classified as edible, although it tastes a little bitter. Its close relatives taste better than he and will not soon be worm-eaten.
Bresinsky Besl and lead to reports from North America, according to which the gelatinous hat skin cause indigestion. Flammer and Horak confirm that unskinned mushroom caps lead to diarrhea with a short latency. Haberl and Zilker write, the type calls in some patients produced a mushroom poisoning with gastrointestinal irritation. Very rarely the mushroom butter dissolves as the Bald brim Ling ( Paxillus involutus) an allergic antigen - defensive reaction from - a case is documented.