Suzerainty

As suzerainty (French suzerain " sovereignty, suzerainty ," from the Latin sursum " up, in the highest" ) was until the mid- 20th century, a power-political alliance of states designated in a State ( suzerain, Upper State ) significant powers of another sovereign state (lower state ) exercises, mostly military and foreign policy, and in return assumes the obligation to protect it. The suzerainty exhibited strong similarity to the protectorate relationship.

A historical definition of suzerainty reads: " [ S] uzerainty " is a term Applied to Certain international relations Between Two sovereign States whereby one, Whilst Retaining a more or less limited sovereignty, Acknowledges the supremacy of the other. The ratio of the two countries to each other was characterized by a de facto superiority of the upper state, which enabled him to make the power of the sub- state to their own perception of the internal affairs of an authorization. This legal concept was developed to describe the dependence of India by the United Kingdom in the late 19th century.

Such dependence relations are in today there is hardly existent. While there are numerous states whose particular Foreign affairs are dealt with by another state, such as Liechtenstein, Andorra and the Cook Islands. Another example is the relationship between Monaco and France. The authorization of the perceiving state follows this but not from a de facto superiority of these states - such superiority against a backdrop of the sovereign equality of all States not matter - but from an international legal permission that can be revoked at any time. Nevertheless, the respective parent state such conditions in the science of international law is sometimes referred to as suzerain yet.

In addition, the term suzerainty is part of the applicable law, as it is found in some located still in force international treaties, such as Article 2 of the Convention on slavery from 1926, in Article 1 of the Warsaw Convention on international carriage by air transport of 1929 and in Article 2 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944.

Examples

  • Austria - Hungary was suzerain of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the end of the First World War.
  • The Ottoman Empire was suzerain Romania and Serbia until 1878 ( Treaty of San Stefano ),
  • Egypt until 1914,
  • Of the Principality of Samos, until the Treaty of Sèvres in 1919
  • Of the Principality of Moldavia until its integration in Romania in 1859.
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