Swedish green marble
The Kolmårdenmarmor (Swedish: Kolmårdsmarmor ) is a green Swedish marble from the landscape Kolmården in the historical province of Östergötland, south of Stockholm. It has a decorative stone in the history of architecture in Sweden a special place.
Deposit
The deposit consists of narrow and elongated folds of predominantly green speckled marble, which are accompanied by adjacent layers of limestone and Amphibolitgesteinen. These folds trains emphasize parallel to Bråviken in east-west direction and swing east of the lake Svinsjö almost 180 degrees back to the east. The most famous mining site is located in the locality Kolmårdens marmorbruk (sometimes just called Marmorbruket ), far from the shore to the bay. The marble is part of Proterozoic folds in central Sweden.
The almost vertical incident marble layers follow the mining sites in the region. This resulted in narrow and elongated trench quarries, which are now mostly filled with water.
Petrography
The rock consists of calcite and serpentine group minerals of the. Accessory constituents are hornblende, pyroxene and olivine minerals of. The composition of the rock is swaying. Depending on the mineral proportions can also be called silicate marble or ophicalcite at some mine sites.
The typical form of this cut stone is its light green color with beige or white spots and a texture with directional fabric, partially ophiolithisch ( snake-like ) is formed. The marble may also include dark green to black inclusions.
History
The proximity of the deposit to the bank of Bråviken favored by start reducing the removal recovered and already processed blanks and contributed in this way favoring a more than 1000 years continuous history of use in. The Steinhauer Art in the Östergötland region is well documented in a special way through the old baptismal font in some churches in the region.
Documentary evidence of the breakdown has been around since the 16th century. A historical and hand-drawn map of S. Ryding from 1723 shows the quarry and its close surroundings next to a brief description of the occurrence. They affected a privilege to loss from the year 1722.
During the period of Baroque and Classicism of the marble is used as a sought-after decorative stone castles in the Swedish royal family and the nobility. Preference is given to it to make parts for staircases, foyers and columns, furniture parts and individual works of art.
Since the middle of the 19th century took through the development of transport and the improved stone processing technique of supra-regional shipment Kolmårdenmarmors significantly. The examples below demonstrate this distribution.
One of the most important historical processing sites lay in Erlandstorp, where there was also a mining site. There also existed an old marble sawing and polishing workshop. Other mining sites are for example Oxåkersbrott and Holmtorpsbrott. The narrow marble features in the landscape Kolmården forced with the intensive use of this marble over several centuries, the recovery of many small quarries.
At the later and now disused main processing facility Marmorbruket a marble museum was established in the years 2007 and 2008 by interested citizens of the region in the dilapidated buildings. At this point, to the year has been gained over a period of about 700 years in 1978 marble. At present (2008) is mined the rock by a quarry operation in any other locality in the region.
Applications
The Kolmårdenmarmor came under various names in the trade. These include, inter alia, the names Swedish Green, Kolmården OX, Vert ring Borg, Vert de Sibérie and Kolmården Nature. It is mostly for decorative components, has been used primarily indoors. Due to its unusual color of the marble was also international demand, for example, went Delivery in the mid-20th century to San Francisco. Continuous average sizes of the blocks for shipping were 2.5 x 1.5 x 1 meter.
In Sweden, the Kolmårdenmarmor was considered a first-class material for all appropriate architectural designs and artistic applications. Typical application forms are wall and floor coverings, stairs, columns, portals, fireplace facades, massive decorative components. Möbelabdeckplatten, fountain basins or parts of them, as well as historical and modern designs tomb. It also consumer items such as mortars from this rock were made .
For stone extraction unsuitable extraction residues and low- deposit areas and adjacent limestone deposits are used for the production of building lime. A few lime kilns have been built.
Application Examples
Sweden
Gothenburg
- University building
- Exchange
- Building of Skåne Commercial Bank
Helsingborg
- Building of Skåne Commercial Bank
Landskrona
- Building of Skåne Enskilda Bank
Linköping
- Building of Östergötland Enskilda Bank
Malmö
- Building of Skåne Enskilda Bank
Norrköping
- St. John's Church, modern font
- Entrance on Stadstornet / city tower
- Building of Norrköping Enskilda Bank
- Standard Hotel
Östra Eneby
- Church altar ( Design: Kurt von Schmalensee, 1955) and ancient baptismal
Söderköping
- St. Laurentii Church, baptismal font from the 14th century
Stockholm and Surroundings
- Stockholms slott, wall coverings, skirting, fireplace facades, some Treppenbalustraden, cover plates on antique furniture
- Stockholm Royal Palace / Stockholm slott, southern vestibule to Rikssalen
- City Hall / Stadshus, staircase in the " Blå halls "
- Postal Museum, Lilla Nygatan 6, outer facade of the main entrance
- Portal of the building " Tändstickspalatset ," Västra Trädgårdsgatan 14 ( Architect: Ivar Tengbom ), neo-Baroque façade
- Drottningholm Palace
- Rosendal Palace
- Swedish National Museum
- Nordic Museum
- Royal Opera House
- Svindersvik, fireplace facade
Uppsala
- University, Main Building, massive pillars in the foyer
Foreign countries
Germany
Berlin
- Berlin State Opera, Apollo hall, floor inlays ( foliage ) (1832, updated 1924 to 1928 )
- Bristol Hotel
- Victoria Café
Hamburg
- Trading house Klosterburg, Glockengießerwall 1 (1903-1904)
France
Paris
- Opéra National de Paris (1875 open )
Great Britain
- Beverley Public Library
Glasgow
- Building of the North British Mercantile Insurance Co.
Leeds
- University, Library, solid columns in the reading room area
London
- Coliseum Theatre (1904 open )
- Shoreditch Town Hall (1866 built, extended in 1902 )
- Church of St Savior 's
- Hotel Continental ( Regent Street)
- Lyons Popular Cafe ( Piccadilly )
USA
New York
- Rockefeller Center (begun in 1926)