Synagogue de Nazareth
The synagogue of the Rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth is the oldest surviving synagogue in Paris. It was inaugurated in 1852 and was declared in 1986 a monument historique ( cultural monument ). It is located 15, rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth in the 3rd arrondissement. The nearest métro station is Temple 3 on the line
History
Already in 1810 had the Parisian Jews who belonged to the Ashkenazim, two synagogues. One was located in the Rue du Temple and the other in the Rue des Archives, both in the Marais district of Paris, had established themselves in the greater number of Jews in the 18th century. 1819 acquired the Jewish community one located between the streets Rue du Vertbois and Rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth plot and got the French king Louis XVIII. permission to build a synagogue there. The construction of the architect Sandrié de Jouy was commissioned. It was the first synagogue of 1808 created under Napoleon Consistory of Paris. Behind the synagogue, to today's street Rue Vertbois, there was still modest synagogue of the Portuguese Jews. Both buildings had fallen into disrepair in 1840. In 1850 they were closed and demolished soon after. The Portuguese Jews erected in 1851 a new synagogue in the Rue Lamartine. 1852, the synagogue of the Rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth was inaugurated, which was built according to the plans of the architect Alexandre Thierry ( 1810-1890 ). First, there was even the Dresden architect Gottfried Semper in conversation, who lived at the time in exile in Paris and had been at the Baron Jacob Rothschild a draft in order. Until the construction of the synagogue of the Rue de la Victoire synagogue on Rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth was the main synagogue of Paris ( Grande Synagogue de Paris). She offered 1200 places and was soon become too small for the very fast currently has 15 000 members Jewish community of Paris. After the great immigration of North African Jews in the 20th century, the synagogue is now one of the Sephardic rite.
Architecture
The draft Thierry's provided for a space-saving iron construction, a solution that initially seemed shocking for a sacred building.
Facade
The synagogue is separated from the street, Rue Notre -Dame-de -Nazareth by a broken wall with three portals. About the middle portal is the motto of the French Republic, " Liberté, égalité, fraternité " (Liberty, equality, fraternity ) attached. Behind it a today covered patio connects. The facade of the synagogue is pierced by a rose window with Star of David. On the pediment the tablets are attached and including a clock, when the numbers are replaced by the symbols of the zodiac. In the hexagonal corner towers on both sides of the facade Stairs lead to the two floors of the woman galleries.
Interior
Two rows of six arches, which are supported by slender columns made of cast iron, open the galleries to the nave. As the twelve clerestory windows they are the twelve tribes of Israel symbolize. Allusions to the Romanesque architecture are the twisted columns supporting capitals with its decorated. The walls and ceiling are painted and marked with symbols and biblical name in Hebrew characters and. The choir is increased four stages and separated by a gilded lattice.
Equipment
The Bima, which is referred to by the Sephardic Jews as Tevah, is located in the middle of the choir and not, as in Orthodox synagogues in the middle of the ship. As a conclusion of the choir rests on nine levels of Torah shrine of white marble. On a canopy over the tables of the law are attached.
Organ
The synagogue has an organ, which is not allowed in Orthodox synagogues. The instrument was built in the late 19th century. The organ builder is not known. The organ has eleven stops on two manuals and pedal. The tracker action are mechanical.
- Couplers: II / I, I / P, II / P