Tacca

Bat flower ( Tacca chantrieri )

Tacca is a genus of the family of Yamswurzelgewächse ( Dioscorea ). Few species are as exotic ornamental plants and some species are used as medical or starch suppliers.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

Tacca species are perennial herbaceous plants. They are more or less cylindrical rhizomes or more or less spherical tubers.

The alternate and spirally arranged in basal rosettes, erect leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The most simple or rarely divided leaf blade is network annoying (coming in monocots rare, are usually parallelvervig ). The stomata psind anomocytisch or axillocytisch.

Inflorescences and flowers

There are seitenstänge often long, not flipped Blütenstandsschäfte formed. The doldigen inflorescences are enclosed in two circles is generally four to six ( two to twelve ), narrow or wide, foliage leaf-like bracts. The bracts are narrower than the bracts, usually filiform.

The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple. The six equal multiform bracts are fused bell-shaped. The colors of the bracts ranging from green to purple to brown. There are two circles, each with three fertile stamens present with short stamens; they are among themselves freely but intertwine with the bloom cladding. The two-celled pollen grains have an aperture and are sulcat. The three carpels are fused to an inferior ovary. The ovary contains from 15 to 100 hanging, anatrope to campylotrope ovules. The style ends in a three-lobed stigma; the broad stigma lobes are usually bent on the stylus out. Pollination is by Diptera ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

It berries or rarely dreifächerige capsule fruits are usually formed, containing many seeds. The seeds have endosperm and a well-trained, small embryo.

Ingredients and chromosomes

There are alkaloids present. The seeds contain oil but no starch. You have starchy tubers or rhizomes. The smell exudes osmophoric.

The chromosome number is n = 15

Systematics and distribution

Tacca are located in the subtropics to tropics ( Africa, Asia, Oceania ).

The first description of the genus was made in 1775 by Johann Reinhold Forster and Johann Georg Adam Forster. Occasionally, they are also performed as a separate family Taccaceae, the APG III but it continues to Yamswurzelartigen.

The scope of the genus is discussed, depending on the author whether a genus Schizocapsa Hance is valid or these species are included in Tacca five to 15 species are listed:

  • Tacca ampliplacenta L.Zhang & Q. J.Li: This type described in 2008 is only found in Yunnan.
  • Madagascar bat flower ( Tacca ankaranensis Bard. - Vauc. ): It is native to Madagascar.
  • Tacca bibracteata Drenth: Your home is Borneo.
  • Tacca borneensis Ridl. Their home is the western Borneo.
  • Tacca celebica Coord: The home is the northern Sulawesi.
  • Bat flower ( Tacca chantrieri André, Syn: Tacca garrettii Craib, Tacca macrantha H.Limpr, Tacca minor Ridl, Tacca paxiana H.Limpr, Tacca roxburghii H.Limpr, Tacca vespertilio Ridl, Tacca wilsonii H.Limpr. .. .. . ): The home ranges of Assam to southern China and the Malay Peninsula.
  • Tacca ebeltajae Drenth: The distribution extends from eastern New Guinea to the Solomon Islands.
  • Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. ( Syn: Tacca cristata Jack, Ataccia cristata (Jack) Kunth, Tacca aspera Roxb, Ataccia aspera ( Roxb. ) Kunth, Tacca laevis Roxb, Ataccia laevis ( Roxb. ) Kunth, Tacca rafflesiana Jack ex Wall, Tacca lancifolia. .. customs & Moritzi, Ataccia lancifolia (inch & Moritzi ) Kunth, Tacca sumatrana H.Limpr in Engler, Tacca choudhuriana Deb ): .. dissemination ranges from Bhutan to western Indonesian archipelago.
  • East Indian Arrowroot East Indian or arrowroot ( Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze, Syn: Tacca flabellata JJSm, Tacca pinnatifida JR & G.Forster, Tacca involucrata ( Limpr. ) Schum & Thonn, Tacca viridis Hemsley, Tacca hawaiiensis H. .. . Limpr ). In the literature it is often found under one of the synonyms. With a wide distribution in the tropics of the Old World to the Pacific Islands.
  • Tacca maculata Seem. Deposits with the north-eastern Western Australia to north-west Northern Territory and in the southwest Pacific.
  • Tacca palmata flower: They come from Indo- China before until the Indonesian archipelago.
  • Tacca palmatifida Baker: The home is Sulawesi.
  • Tacca parkeri Seem. It occurs in tropical South America.
  • Tacca plantaginea ( Hance ) Drenth ( Syn: Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance, Schizocapsa guangxiensis PPLing & CTTing ): The home ranges from southern China to Indo- China.
  • Tacca subflabellata PPLing & CTTing: It occurs only in southeastern Yunnan.

Use

Some species are used medicinally. From the tubers, starch can be obtained. There are grown above all Tacca integrifolia and Tacca leontopetaloides. The starch is treated as Taccastärke, East Indian arrowroot arrowroot or Tahiti.

Swell

  • Description of the family of Taccaceae in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Description of the family of Taccaceae at DELTA. ( Description section )
  • Chih -chi & Ting Kai Larsen: Taccaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 24, p 274: Tacca - Online. ( Description section )
  • Leslie Watson: Taccaceae in the Western Australian Flora:. Online, 2008 (Section Description )
  • LR Caddick, JR Rudall, P. Wilkin, TAJ Heddersonn & Mark W. Chase: Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined morphological and molecular Analyses of data in bot J. Linn.. Soc., 138, 2002, pp. 123-144.
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