Thutmose II
Thutmose II was an Egyptian King (Pharaoh) of the 18th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ) and ruled from about 1492 to 1479 BC ( Helck: 1470-1467, Krauss: 1482-1479 BC).
Family
- Father: Thutmose I.
- Mother: Mutnofret, a concubine
- Wives: Hatshepsut, Isis, Mutnofret
- Brothers: Amunmose, Wadjmes
- Sisters: Hatshepsut ( half-sister )
Nofrubiti
- Children: With Hatshepsut two daughters, of whom only Neferu- Re is known by name; the other daughter died young. With Isis the same son and later Thutmose III.
Rule
As his older brothers Amunmose and Wadj - mes died early followed Thutmose his father on the throne. To consolidate its position Thutmose II was with his half-sister Hatshepsut, the elder daughter of Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose, married.
On 15 Achet II (September 29 ) 1492 BC Thutmose II celebrated his day of coronation. The regency for the very young King initially led his stepmother, Queen Ahmose. The length of his reign is still uncertain, as there is no precise information. The only substantiated data come from the first two years of the reign. Higher information as can be found for example on a statue fragment (18 years) or after Manetho 13 years are not backed up.
Over the length of the reign of Thutmose II, the scholars argue today. Manetho gave him 13 years, and Jürgen von Beckerath sets at this time. E. F. Wente gives him even 15 years. In contrast, there are Hornung, W. Helck and Krauss, who suspect that he ruled only 3 to 4 years. The thesis of a fairly short duration government is supported by the fairly low number of monuments of the king.
Campaigns
Thutmose II took over from his father a realm that had the largest territoritale expansion in its history to that time. In the first year of the reign of Thutmose II rebelled five Nubian Principalities, which established Thutmose I.. Thutmose II had not participated personally in the campaign. Reason for this to have been the death of Thutmose I., to a nubian prince took advantage of the rebellion. On a stele which stood between Aswan and Philae, Thutmose II reported by the suppression of the revolt:
" 9 Achet II: I was furious like a panther. Since the army threw his majesty down those barbarians. Now the soldiers were not a life of their husbands, just as his Majesty had commanded. With the exception of one of these children of the princes of the wretched Kush, which was brought alive as a prisoner with their families to the place where his majesty lingered, and was placed under the feet of the good God. "
Thutmose II had a short time later at his coronation set of 15 Achet II a victory monument on the third cataract near Kerma. This special day presented at the same time the start date of the later Opet festival dar. Thutmose III. donated from worship of his father's Opet festival as eponymous festival of Amun at Elephantine, which is also at the same time in the evening of the 14th Achet II began there later.
A representation and inscription from the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el -Bahari a sometimes suspected military action until after Naharina (Syria ) is doubtful. Also in Palestine there was fighting, but used to secure the copper mines in Sinai. Reported here is about the life story of Ahmose Pen - Nekhbet, who is mentioned many prisoners and his commendation by the King.
Domestic Policy
As viziers a Ahmose Pennechbet and A- cheper -Re - seneb are known, Viceroy of Kush was Seni, who had been under his father in office.
Construction and Monuments
Evidence for the construction of Thutmose II are present in low numbers and focus on Karnak and West Thebes. So he built at Karnak before the 4th pylon a Festhof with gatehouse, chapel and two colossal statues before the 8th Pylon. His mortuary temple in Korna was only by Thutmose III. completed. Remains of two obelisks were found in death, other inscriptions in Semna / Kumme, booing, Elkab and Koptos.
There were two statues of the king, showing him at a temple in Elephantine in Sedfestgewand and donated by his great royal wife Hatshepsut. Even in her mortuary temple at Deir el- Bahari Thutmose II is shown.
The information on his grave are not backed up. He was buried according to common opinion in KV42 in the Valley of the Kings, whereas this is doubted by Nicholas Reeves.
His mortuary temple was located northwest of Medinet Habu and is now completely destroyed. This was found in 1926 by the French archaeologist Bernard Bruyère and carried the name " House of Life ".
On 3 Schemu I 1479 BC Thutmose II died; his mummy (possibly confused with that of Tuthmosis I ) was found in the Deir el- Bahari. An English anatomist examined the mummy of Thutmose II and joined an age of 20 to 30 years. He was of delicate build, about 1.60 meters tall and had a striking, prominent nose. What disease eventually led to his death, could not be found. His grave in the Valley of the Kings remained unfinished and has no inscriptions.
Succession
On the farm, there was disagreement as to who should be the successor to the sick Pharaoh. One group saw Hatshepsut as the rightful successor, because she was the legitimate heir. Many consultants campaigned for a male successor. Finally, the oracle of Amun to the throne was questioned. The priests of Amun given to the young prince so. Following the death of Thutmose II, the first seven years of Thutmose, son of Isis, on 4 Schemu I 1479 BC took the throne Before he as Thutmose III. could govern the Egyptian empire, but his stepmother Hatshepsut ruled as regent and Pharaoh.