Thymus pulegioides
Broadleaf thyme (Thymus pulegioides )
The Broadleaf thyme (Thymus pulegioides ), also Common thyme, Common thyme, wild thyme, thyme, medicinal thyme or thyme field called, is a species of the genus of wild thyme (Thymus ) within the mint family ( Lamiaceae).
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
- 6.3 External links
Description
The Broad-leaved Thyme is a perennial shrub, reaches the heights of growth 5-25 centimeters. The stem is woody at the base only weak and sharp square with a rectangular cross section. He is sunk on two sides and therefore appears furrowed. Only the four edges are hairy. The shoot system is sympodial branches with short creeping stem axis. The leaves are thin and have the same size, hairy or hairless. The veins occur under hand usually not clearly visible. Leaves are aromatic scented and color often dark red.
The flowering period extends from June to September. The inflorescence is extended or capitate. The flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The upper calyx teeth narrowly triangular and hairy or bald. The five purple to red petals are fused.
Are formed Klaus fruit.
Ecology
The Broad-leaved Thyme is an Chamaephyt, shrub, that is, only its lowest parts of the stalk are lignified. It shows the following drought adaptations: He has wearing leather small evergreen leaves with sunken glands essential oils as antiperspirants; He also is a deep-rooting, the root of which can reach up to 1 meter depth. On sunny places, the plant forms in winter red protective pigments; in summer it is green.
Every now and then one finds populations of plants that smell instead of the typical due to thymol thyme smell of lemon. This breed contains the thymol chemically related citronellol. There are at least a dozen different fragrant types that also differ genetically.
Ecologically flowers are vormännliche " Actual lip Flowers" with outstanding anthers and scars. In addition, there are also purely hermaphrodite female flowers and also purely female plants. The spicy -tasting nectar is produced abundantly and is covered by hairs of the corolla tube and protected. The strongly scented flowers are visited by many insects; There is no self-pollination.
The Klaus fruits have a Elaiosom that serves the ant distribution. The fruit cup is closed by a fringe of hair. Fruit ripening extends from August to November.
Occurrence
The Broad-leaved Thyme is spread almost all over Europe, but the focus is in the temperate subozeanischen area. In southern Europe, the spread is limited to the mountains, in the North of England, Ireland, Finland and northern Russia this species is synanthropic. The eastern border of distribution is approximately 38 ° ö L.
The Broad-leaved Thyme thrives in dry grasslands, slopes, gravel pits or rock; places is also found on anthills. He prefers fresh to dry, nutrient-poor, base -rich, usually low in calcium, humus or raw sand, stone or clay soils. He is a down to 1 m depth, rooting Kriechpionier, light-and heat -loving.
System
The first publication of Thymus pulegioides was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 2, page 592
The Broad-leaved Thyme comprises five subspecies and a fertile hybrid, which differ mainly in the leaf characteristics and in their habitat requirements:
- Thymus pulegioides subsp. chamaedrys (Fr.) Gusul.
- Thymus pulegioides subsp. effusus (host) Ronniger
- Thymus pulegioides subsp. montanus ( Benth. ) Ronniger
- Thymus pulegioides subsp. pannonicus ( All. ) Kerguélen
- Thymus pulegioides subsp. pulegioides
- Thymus pulegioides nothosubsp. pilisiensis ( Borbás ) ined. ( T. pulegioides subsp. Chamaedrys × T. pulegioides subsp. Pannonicus )
Use
Use as a medicinal plant
As a medicinal drug used the Blooming dried branches.
Active substances are: 0.2-0.6 % essential oil of different composition, depending on the origin of the drug, usually with a high content of carvacol, beside with thymol, linalool, cineole, caryophyllene and other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, Hydroxyzimtsäurederivate as rosmarinic acid, triterpenoids and flavonoids.
Applications: the broadleaf thyme are awarded antispasmodic and antimicrobial effects; but with a lower efficacy than the rights of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), since the content of essential oils is much lower and their composition is different.
Especially in folk medicine nutz to the drug catarrh of the respiratory tract, both internally and externally as a bath additive. The use in gastrointestinal disorders and loss of appetite occurs more frequently than in the Real thyme. In addition to essential oils this should the tanning agents and the bitter taste of de effect be involved.
Use in the kitchen
In the kitchen of Broadleaf thyme helps digest fatty foods, goes well with poultry, shellfish, venison, lamb, fish, vegetables, herbal vinegar, herbal oil, soups, sauces, potatoes and stews.