Tirso de Molina

Tirso de Molina, Gabriel Téllez actually (* 1579 in Madrid, † March 12, 1648 in Almazan, Soria province ) was a famous Spanish playwright.

Life

As to the exact date of birth of Gabriel Téllez, so this is not clarified until today in the scientific literature. For example, Blanca de los Ríos has established the (now no longer tenable ) thesis after the discovery of a par- Téllez Girón birth certificate, Tirso was the illegitimate son of the Duke of Osuna, Pedro Téllez - Girón ( 3 Duque de Osuna ), have been. Following Arellano (1995, p 329 ) it is probable that Tirso was born in 1579 in Madrid, where he was baptized on March 29 in the Parish of San Sebastian. But you can also find the annual figures 1581, 1584 and others. About his childhood is almost nothing known. His parents were simple servants of the Conde de Molina de Herrera.

Tirso de Molina resigned on November 4, 1600 in the Order of Mercedarians in a Toledo, on January 21, 1601 he entered the monastery of San Antolin at Guadalajara. In 1606 he was ordained a priest in Toledo, where he had studied theology and art. After some difficulties with church authorities for the first theater performances, he retreated 1614-1615 back to the monastery of Estercuel, in Aragon. In 1616 he was sent on a mission to the West Indies, in the territory of today's Dominican Republic, where he taught theology at the University of Santo Domingo. In 1618, he returned from the trip, and then lived in a Mercedarians monastery in Madrid. There he attended the meetings of the Academia de Madrid poética part, participated in the writing competitions located then in vogue, and produced several plays such as El burlador de Sevilla ( 1619 ) and El Vergonzoso en palacio ( 1621). There also the five parts ( partes ) published his comedies between 1624 and 1633.

In 1625 he was, therefore, of the so-called " Junta de Reformación de las Costumbres " (such as: customs Reform Commission ) warned as it is not permissible that a religious dedicate secular themes in his literary works. It has even threatened him with excommunication, and as punishment he was to Andalusia ( Seville ) and later added Cuenca. 1626 he was ( Prior) appointed " Comendador " of his order in Trujillo, where he stayed until 1629. Fruit that stay in the hometown of the Pizarro brothers should be, among other things, a trilogy about the conquistadors from Extremadura.

Between 1632 and 1639, he lived in Catalonia. As the official chronicler of his order he finished there in 1639 the Historia General de la Orden de la Merced, a history of Mercedarierordens that he had seven years earlier. Due to renewed difficulties he was exiled again in 1640 to Cuenca; 1645 he was appointed prior of the monastery Mercedarians in Soria. He had probably held until his death this office. He died on March 12, 1648 at the age of 60 years.

Significance and reception

Tirso de Molina is one next to Lope de Vega and Pedro Calderón de la Barca to the greatest dramatists of Spain. His literary work according to his own statements included more than 400 spiritual (cars sacramentales ) and secular (come dias ) pieces, of which only about 80 have survived. Many of them are even today (2007) still part of the repertoire of Spanish and international stages.

His play El burlador de Sevilla o convidado de piedra (Eng. " Don Juan, the seducer of Seville and the Stone Guest" ) is considered the first dramatic treatment of the Don Juan legend. Molière edited by Don Juan of his for the French theater.

One of the first editions of his works pieces published 1631/36 in five volumes in Madrid. For the German -speaking Carl August Dohrn and Karl Moritz Rapp translated as two of the first the work of Tirso de Molina.

Poetic concept

Tirso de Molina is in imitation of Lope de Vega representatives of the comedia nueva, that is, there is no distinction between comedy and tragedy, the plays do not adhere to the three classical unities of time, place and action and the acting figures come from both the higher and the lower classes. In his plays he can feed himself poetic statements of this kind, such as in Los cigarrales de Toledo ( 1624), Deleitar aprovechando ( 1635) and El vergonzoso en palacio. Naturalness and originality are key terms with him. Tirso is aimed strictly against classical norm poetics and claims for himself artistic freedom. Against the concept of " purity" of the literary genres, he argues that in everyday life comic and tragic, High and Niederes was mixed, and so does the drama should reflect the reality adequately. Like Lope ( and unlike Calderón ) he did not trust in an exaggerated stage effects and machineries, but held on to the more simple characteristics of the so-called comedia de corral that could be played in backyards or simple theaters. Other hand, he placed great emphasis on scenes in which the actors could shine with their art.

As far as the psychology of the characters in his plays, it is said, his office as confessor had given him deep insights, especially in the " female soul ". Thus, also in contrast to Calderón, the female figures drawn psychologically believable, and the concept of exaggerated Spanish concept of honor ( honra ) plays with him no or only a minor role. Contrast, is not rare in his works a tendency to slapstick or puns to bear.

Works

Secular dramas

  • La Sagra de Villana ( 1611)
  • El amor médico
  • La celosa de si misma
  • Don Gil de las Calzas verdes (written around 1615, published 1635)
  • Marta la piadosa (written around 1615)
  • No hay peor que el que no quiere sordo oir
  • La Villana de Vallecas
  • El burlador de Sevilla o convidado de piedra ( 1619 )
  • El condenado por desconfiado ( 1635)
  • Escarmientos para el cuerdo
  • El vergonzoso en palacio ( 1621 approved, 1624 published)
  • Amar por Señas
  • La Gallega Mari Hernandez
  • Por el y el torno sótano
  • Los tres maridos burlados
  • Del enemigo el primer consejo
  • Los cigarrales de Toledo ( 1624)
  • Celos con celos se curan
  • El castigo del penseque ( 1613 )
  • El Melancolico
  • Privar contra su gusto
  • El pretendiente al revés
  • La peña de Francia
  • El caballero de gracia

Historical dramas

  • Antona García
  • La mujer en la prudencia
  • Pizarro trilogy: Todo es is en un cosa
  • Amazonas en las Indias
  • La lealtad contra la envidia

Biblical dramas

  • La venganza de Tamar
  • La mejor espigadera
  • La vida y muerte de Herodes
  • Tanto es lo de más como lo de menos
  • La mujer que manda en casa

Lives of the Saints

  • La dama del Olivar
  • La Santa Juana ( Trilogy 1613 )
  • Santo y sastre
  • Doña Beatriz de Silva
  • Quien no se cae no se levanta

Cars Sacramentales

  • El Colmenero divino
  • No le arriendo la Ganancia
  • Los hermanos parecidos ( 1615 premiered in Toledo)
  • El laberinto de Creta
  • La Ninfa del cielo
  • La madrina del cielo

Available editions

Dramas

  • Obras completas. Cuarta parte de dias come, I, Madrid- Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 1999. ISBN 84-923453-4-9.
  • Obras completas. Cuarta parte de comedias, II, ed M. Zugasti Madrid- Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2003. ISBN 84-95494-03-5.
  • Obras completas. Autos, I, Madrid- Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 1998 ISBN. 84-923453-3-0.
  • Obras completas. Autos, II, Madrid- Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2000 ISBN. 84-95494-01-9.
  • El pretendiente al revés y Del enemigo, el primer consejo ( dos dias come palatinas ), ed E. Galar, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2005 ISBN. 84-95494-17-5.
  • Mari Hernandez, la Gallega, ed S. Eiroa, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2003. 252 pp. ISBN 84-95494-08-6.
  • El mayor desengaño. Quien no cae no se levanta ( dos dias come hagiográficas ), ed L. Escudero, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2004. 513 pp. ISBN 84-95494-15-9.
  • Las quinas de Portugal, ed CC García Valdés, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2003. 224 pp. ISBN 84-95494-09-4.
  • Los tres maridos burlados, ed I. Arellano, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2001. 110 pp. ISBN 84-95494-04-3.
  • La Villana de la Sagra, ed A. Hermenegildo, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2005, 226 pp. ISBN 84-95494-16-7.
  • La Villana de Vallecas, ed S. Eiroa, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 2001, 299 pp. ISBN 84-95494-02-7.

Poetry

  • Panegírico a la casa de Sástago ( Poema INEDITO ), edición, estudio y notas L. Vázquez, Madrid - Pamplona, ​​Instituto de Estudios Tirsianos, 1998. 104 pp. Facsímil. ISBN 84-923453-1-4.
Province of Soria Toledo, Spain Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha Cuenca, Spain Trujillo, Cáceres Autos sacramentales Word play Zeno.org Integrated Authority File
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