Tongyong Pinyin

Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese通用 拼音, Pinyin Tongyong Pīnyīn, General phonetics used ') is a technology developed in the Republic of China on Taiwan phonetic transcription (or Romanized ) the Chinese language. You as well as developed in the People's Republic of China, Hanyu Pinyin is based on the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect. About 80 percent of the syllables of the Tongyong Pinyin are identical to the corresponding syllables in the spelling of the Hanyu Pinyin.

Between 2000 and 2008 acted Tongyong Pinyin in the Republic of China as the official Romanization of Chinese in Taiwan. In this role it was replaced on 1 January 2009 of Hanyu Pinyin.

History

Tongyong Pinyin is a 1998 by Yu Bor -chuan (余伯泉, Yu Boquan ) further developed version of the phonetic transcription Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II, at the since then, however, some further modifications were made.

Differences to Hanyu Pinyin

Sound-letter mapping

In the case of syllables differs Tongyong Pinyin of Hanyu Pinyin as follows:

  • The in Hanyu Pinyin reproduced with zh According jh is written. Example: zhong - Jhong
  • The letters s and c are doubly occupied in Tongyong Pinyin: before a, e, o, u and ih they have the same meaning as in Hanyu Pinyin; before the vowels i and yu they correspond to the sounds of x and q in Hanyu Pinyin. The letters x and q do not occur in Tongyong Pinyin. Examples: san - san, ci - CIH, xing - sing, qi - ci
  • The Hanyu Pinyin in the syllables zi (资), ci (慈), si (思), zhi (知), chi (吃), shi (诗), and ri (日) as i reproduced ( in Zhuyin not separately shown) sound is in Tongyong Pinyin ( as to some extent in Wade-Giles ), indicated by the suffix ih. Examples: shi - shih, zhi - Jhih
  • The above used in Hanyu Pinyin is replaced by yu, even in the cases where the points are u omitted above the at Hanyu Pinyin. Examples: nu - nyu, qu - cyu, xue - Syue
  • Narrow ( as in蹦,碰,孟,奉,瓮) is written by b-, p-, m-, f -, w -ong. Example: feng - fong
  • Whom (温) will wun.
  • Iong is always written as a yong. Example: xiong - syong
  • The in Wade-Giles and Hanyu Pinyin to iu or ui contracted triple vowels ( triphthongs ) iou or uei - eg in liu (六) and gui (鬼) - may be optionally written out. ( The names of smaller communities, however, are always out in full in the transcript. )

Of the 416 syllables of the standard Chinese 335 are written the same in Hanyu Pinyin and Tongyong Pinyin. Only in two cases ( ci and si ) denotes the transcription depending on the system different syllables.

Further differences

  • Tongyong uses the characters for to distinguish the tonal movements as Zhuyin, and not like the Hanyu Pinyin, ie the first tone is not marked, whereas the light ( "neutral" sound) can be marked by a dot.
  • As in Hanyu Pinyin syllables can be separated by an apostrophe to avoid possible confusion, eg Ji'nan or Jin'an. Sometimes, as with place names, but you used a hyphen.
  • Although the capitalization of the first letter of each syllable was originally not intended, this is practiced in various places (eg on street signs ).

Dissemination and criticism

A criticism of Tongyong Pinyin is playing multiple initial sounds (which are distinguished in the Zhuyin ) by the letters c and s Another point is that with the use of Hanyu Pinyin every Chinese syllable entered with the same number or even less attacks on the computer keyboard can be. Certainly, the biggest obstacle to greater acceptance of Tongyong Pinyin that for the transcription of the Chinese high-level language Hanyu Pinyin is already set as the default in the People's Republic of China and as an internationally recognized ISO standard. Hanyu Pinyin is also an important tool for the majority of those who learn Chinese in China or do business. Proponents of Tongyong Pinyin lead to an argument that is omitted in her system on letters such as q and x, which provide non-native speakers no reference to the pronunciation of the sounds as shown.

Even in Taiwan pushed the proposed as a national standard in October 2000 Tongyong Pinyin concept of rejection. In addition, it set off a political controversy, which was to a large extent with the different conceptions of the local political groups regarding national identity in context. In August 2002 Tongyong Pinyin was officially introduced, but the relevant regulation for the local government was not binding. Some guided by the Kuomintang cities - here is mainly to call Taipei - decided instead to use on local signage Hanyu Pinyin. This makes the use of different transcription systems very confusing because depending on where you are and under which authority the signage was installed, the same Chinese names are spelled differently. As no agreement could be reached on this question, decided in 2003, the Ministry of Education, to play the pronunciation of Chinese characters in primary schools continue to use Hanyu Pinyin.

From Tongyong Pinyin is also a version for the Taiwanese (台 语音 标 版) was developed, in which the letter f is omitted, however, an additional letter was added to v ( for万).

Transcription (linguistics) Academia Sinica
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