Torilis japonica
Usually Velcro chervil ( torilis japonica)
The Ordinary Velcro chervil ( torilis japonica) is a species of the carrot family ( Apiaceae ).
- 2.1 Predators and parasites
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaves
The Ordinary Velcro Chervil is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches a height of 20 to 120 centimeters. The stem is rough by fitting, rearward facing stiff bristles.
The most basic and the lower half of the stem standing leaves consist of a 2-7 cm long petiole and a one to two times pinnate leaf blade. The dark green, glossy leaf blade is in outline ovate to triangular- ovate - lanceolate and up to 20 centimeters long and 17 centimeters wide. The leaflets are broadly ovate - lanceolate with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 1 to 2.5 inches, the terminal leaflet is extended.
Generative features
The reverse wire-haired peduncle is 3 to 25 inches long; in contrast to the almost sessile umbels double the gnarled Velcro chervil ( torilis nodosa ). In the compound umbel more than five linealische bracts find the reason of the four to twelve rays of umbels that are bristly and have a length of 1 to 3 centimeters. The umbellules be from five to eight 1.5 to 7 mm × 0.5 to 1.5 mm measured, wide linealischen to pfriemlichen Hüllchenblättern surrounded. The umbellules contain four to twelve flowers, which are shorter than the Döldchenstrahlen Hüllchenblätter of 1 to 4 millimeters length. The narrow calyx teeth deltoid - lanceolate. The petals are white to pink.
The common black - purple when ripe Doppelachänen are globose - ovoid and measure 1.5 to 5 mm × 1 to 2.5 mm. The two partial fruits are densely covered with curved, rough spines with smooth, stabbing tip without barbs.
The flowering period extends from April to October.
The chromosome number is 2n = 16
Ecology
The Ordinary Velcro Chervil is a wintering or two years of half- rosette plant. On sunny places the whole plant is flushed.
The flowers are white, vormännliche " nectar leading disk flowers ". Besides hermaphrodite flowers are found in the cone center still male, short -stalked flowers. Pollinators are flying.
The fruits are often spread with the help of their bristly main ridges and depressions of people and dogs along the way. So there is a velcro dissemination or Epichorie.
Predators and parasites
The Ordinary Velcro Chervil is a forage crop for the land tiles. The following fungi parasitize on the ordinary Velcro Chervil: Erysibe betae, Diaporthe angelicae, Laphiostoma caulicum and Mycosphaerella leptasca. Furthermore, the aphid Semiaphis anthrisci and the two gall midges Lasioptera carophila and Schizomyia cause pimpinellae Gallbildungen on this plant.
Occurrence
The Ordinary Velcro Chervil comes in the Mediterranean to temperate Europe and East Asia, especially in Japan and China ( there at altitude 100-3800 meters ) before, also introduced in eastern North America. Other deposits are found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Himalayas. He settled moderately dry to moderately fresh, nutrient -and base- rich soils of forest and rear hems, forest paths, in hallways and impact on waste places in semi- shady areas.
System
The Ordinary Velcro chervil was first published in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the basionym Tordylium anthriscus. In the genus torilis he came first with the 1805 published, often used in older floras Umkombination torilis anthriscus (L.) CCGmel. , But which is invalid because in 1788 torilis anthriscus (L.) Gaertn. had been published with the basionym Scandix anthriscus L., who today as a dog and chervil ( Anthriscus caucalis M.Bieb. ) known type. The basionym of the valid in the genus torilis, published in 1830 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle name torilis japonica ( Houtt. ) DC. is the Caucalis japonica Houtt described in 1777 by Maarten Houttuyn from Japan.
Use
Roots and fruits of the ordinary Velcro chervil used since ancient times in Chinese medicine as a remedy for inflammation, skin disorders and impotence. Recent studies show a variety of effects: Kim et al. isolated from the fruits of the ordinary Velcro Kerbel a sesquiterpene called Torilin which abolishes the drug resistance in cancer cells. Cho et al report an antibacterial effect of Torilins against Bacillus subtilis. Yun et al. showed that Torilin inhibits melanin production in melanoma. 2010 showed young and Ghil that an extract of the ordinary Velcro Kerbel against glioblastoma ( brain cancer ) can be used.