Tornesel

The Turnose, (French gros tournois ) Turnos or Turnosgroschen was a body set up under the Capetians coin of everyday monetary transactions of the Middle Ages.

Coinage

Louis IX. the saint was from 1266 the " grossus denarius Turonus " ( German: " thicker denier of Tours " ) for the equivalent of 12 pence Black ( denier = 1 sol = 1/20 Livre currency of Tours) shape. At the highest at that time represented fineness of 23/24 carat and a weight of approximately 4 grams were minted once 58 pieces from the " rough " Mark of Tours ( 217.558 g). This had prevailed in France since about 1050.

He enlarged the motif of the " denier tournois ," which came near a second outer inscription on its face: "B ( e ) N ( e) DICTV (m) SIT NOME ( n ) D ( omi ) NI N ( ost) RI DEI IH ( e) SV XP ( Christian ) I "( German: " Blessed be the name of our Lord and God Jesus Christ "). On the image side, a crown of twelve lilies was added.

The model of this Silbergroschens had King Louis met the saint on his crusade in 1250 in Acre: The Crusaders had dominated there golden " Sarzinas ". These were in turn inspired by Dinar coinage of the Fatimid dynasty.

The Turnosgroschen - so comes also the German word penny as a derivation of " grossus denarius Turonus " - was coined later by successors of Louis Philip IV, and even more of Charles V in the late 14th century with the use of the identical type in large quantities.

Due to the trade relations of the French Turnose along the Rhine numerous imitations elicited in the German and Dutch Space. In the kingdom of Naples, he was imitated as Gigliato during the 14th century. Even the original coin was accepted as a universal means of payment to go to Brandenburg. Elector Frederick the Gentle of Saxony was in Leipzig under mint mint master Hans Stockart with the Münzmeisterzeichen lily Turnosegroschen to 20 on the Rhenish guilders after the coinage of 1456 / 57-1461 beat with the Roman year 1457. They show in the middle of a double writing circle an equilateral cross, while on the opposite side on a helmet, the Thuringia Stangenkleinod can be seen.

The Turnosegroschen was to the 16th century in payments.

Turnospfennige, since the 13th century issued with increasing copper content coinage received, because of their darkening in the Rhineland the Latin nickname Mauri (from maurus " black"), which was shaped as a carrot on a Rhine penny coin.