Tractatus politicus

The Tractatus Politicus ( nlat. ) is a posthumously published Treatise on Political Baruch de Spinoza. The state- theoretical ideas socialize immediately adjacent to the doctrine of affections in the third part of ethics. 1677, shortly after Spinoza's death in Amsterdam, the work of friends was edited and published in 1678 and banned along with Hobbes Leviathan in Holland.

Spinoza argued that the needs of human nature, including his selfish self-preservation urge Pate stand for a theory of the state and not its tendency to utopia. He turned so against ideas as they have set up in the early 17th century, Johann Valentin Andreae, Tommaso Campanella and Francis Bacon. The utopian political theories were very popular in the early 17th century. Spinoza, however, took the view that one must take man as he is and not as it should be. One has him in his entourage, not so much though by his reason, but according to his emotions.

Law, said Spinoza, is the power or property. Laws or rules of nature shall allocate to each individual its possible effects. Natural law is the principle of all that is. It determines the being of man in a natural state. The natural law is prohibited only that which no one can. Positive law is regulatory law; it presupposes agreement, devolution of power and domination. Here, the individual is never but himself, his right to exercise his authority to the rulers award. Spinoza was striking despite many similarities, in contrast to Thomas Hobbes Leviathan in the state theory, the particular interest of individuals in the partnership agreement made ​​as natural law given.

The nature bound affects the people he played with in the society concepts of monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. He weighed completely value-neutral opportunities for individuals from society and drafted partnership agreements for each possible state structure. However, the section on democracy is not entirely brought to an end.

Expenditure

  • N.lat Amsterdam 1677 opera posthuma
  • N.lat Jena 1803

Translations

  • Treatises on policy B. Auerbach 1874
  • Treatise by the state, c.Gebhardt, Leipzig 1907
Baruch Spinoza Ethics (book)
781901
de