Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

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The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (Georgian ამიერკავკასიის დემოკრატიული ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკა, Azerbaijani Zaqafqaziya Demokratik Federativ Respublikası, Amharic Անդրկովկասյան Դեմոկրատական ​​Ֆեդերատիվ Հանրապետություն s for short Transcaucasian Federation ) was a very short-lived state in the Caucasus. It consisted of 22 April to 28 May 1918. The federal government covered the area of the later successor states of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

Establishment

Development

On January 23, 1918, a regional parliament, the Sejm, was founded. The Transcaucasian parliament ( Sejm ) came together for the first time on 10 February. It was chaired by the Menshevik Georgian Nikoloz Chiedze. He called on April 22 from the independence of Transcaucasia and the founding of the Transcaucasian Federation. Capital was Tbilisi. The currency was the Transcaucasian ruble. Official languages ​​were Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijani.

Collapse

The Transcaucasian Republic was granted only a short life. It was undermined by growing internal tensions and the pressure of the Ottoman Empire. In order to preserve Georgia to Turkey's conquest, the Georgian National Assembly (Georgian Dampudsnebeli Kreba ) has begun negotiations with Germany, which was ready to protect an independent Georgia against attack by the Ottoman Empire. In return, Berlin demanded privileges in the exploitation of manganese and copper, and the oil transfer from the Caspian Sea. The Imperial Government had 3,000 German soldiers stationed in Georgia to secure the supply of the German heavy industry with raw materials. On May 26, Georgia proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Georgia declared its independence and withdrew from the Federation. Armenia and Azerbaijan ( including the dictatorship Zentralkaspische ) followed this step on May 28.

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The successor states Democratic Republic of Georgia, Democratic Republic of Armenia and Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan were later occupied by the Red Army and incorporated into the Soviet Union. From 1922 to 1936, they merged to form the Transcaucasian SFSR.

• Historical state in Asia
• History ( Armenia)
• History ( Azerbaijan)
• History of Georgia
• Interwar period