Transvolga
The Sawolschje Region (Russian Заволжье, literally, behind the Volga) is a Russian landscape that extends beyond the left (western) bank of the Volga, between the Volga, the Urals, the Russian north ridge and the Caspian Sea basin. Differences is the High Sawolschje (Russian Высокое Заволжье; transcription: Wysokoe Sawolschje height up to 418 m ) in the east and the Low Sawolschje (Russian Низкое Заволжье; transcription: Niskoe Sawolschje ) in the west.
The names of the towns and Sawolschsk Sawolschje are derived from the Sawolschjeregion.
High Sawolschje
The High Sawolschje includes the surveys:
- Kamahöhen (Russian Верхнекамская возвышенность, Werchnekamskaja woswyschennost ) ( height up to 337 m);
- Wjatski Uwal (Russian Вятский Увал ) ( height up to 284 m);
- Bugulminsko - Beelbejewskaja survey ( Russian Бугульминско - Белебеевская возвышенность, Bugulminsko Beelbejewskaja woswyschennost ) ( height up to 418 m);
- Obschtschi Syrt (Russian Общий Сырт ) ( height up to 405 m).
In the High Sawolschje there are rocks and minerals from the Permian: sandstone, mica schist, marl, limestone, dolomite and gypsum. In the south, there are clay minerals and sand which arose in the Mesozoic. The terrain is characterized by erosions. The top layer of rock is formed by the last remnants of earlier surveys - highly weathered hill with uniform slopes and a round top, called Schichani (Russian шиханы ). The Schichani in Sawoloschjeregion and the Western Urals area are remains of an ancient sea Kalkriffen.
The lower erosion layers in the High Sawolschjegebiet are. Karst areas are widespread here.
In the steppe the Sawolschje between the Kama River and the city of Samara, there used to many pine forests. That was in the 7th to 13th centuries as here existed the kingdom of the Volga Bulgars. An Arab traveler reported in the 12th century that houses the Bulgarians are built of pine logs. The Russian traveler Nicholas Rytschow ( Николай Петрович Рычков; 1746-1784 ) was here " in the mountains, some pine forests " before. Currently, some smaller pine forests are only about that which are scattered throughout the territory of the High Sawolschjeregion, especially on rocky hills or gravel hills and on steep slopes. The conservation of these pine forests has a great importance for science and for forestry.
Low Sawolschje
The Low Sawolschje is flat, has a height between 125 and 150 m and extends between the left bank of the Volga from Kazan to Kamyshin. It is a tectonic fold, which was filled in with sand and clay deposits Cenozoic from the Caspian Sea. The Sawolschje region is characterized by forests, forest-steppe and steppe with a continental climate. The Sawolschje region is rich in oil deposits. This is among other things the oil - gas deposits Volga - Urals.
- Region in Russia