Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan

The Treaty on Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States (English: Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between The United States and Japan, Japanese日本国 と アメリカ合衆国 と の 間 の 相互 協力 及び 安全 保障 条約, Nihon - koku to America gasshūkoku tono aida no Sogo kyōryoku oyobi Anzen Hosho jōyaku ) is an agreement, which was signed between the U.S. and Japan on January 19, 1960 in Washington. He strengthened during the era of the Cold War, Japan's ties to the "West". The contract also included a general formulations for the future development of international cooperation and enhanced economic cooperation.

Origins

The earlier treaty on mutual security from 1952 formed the basis for Japan's security relations with the U.S. after the restoration of full sovereignty after the end of the occupation.

Bilateral talks on the revision of the Security Treaty of 1952 began in 1959 and the new contract was signed in Washington on 19 January 1960.

Large-scale demonstrations and student protests in 1960

When the pact was submitted to the Japanese Parliament on February 5 for ratification, it was to prevent the subject of a debate on relations between Japan and the United States and facilities for the violence in an effort by the left-wing opposition, the ratification by all means. He was eventually approved by the Japanese House of Commons on May 20. The deputies of the Japanese Socialist Party boycotted the lower house session and tried to prevent the members of the LDP on entering the house. They were forcibly removed by the police. Massive demonstrations and riots by students and trade unions followed. This prevented a planned visit by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Japan and led to the resignation of Prime Minister Kishi Nobusuke, but not before the contract on June 19, the ratification automatically received since the Japanese Upper House not within the required 30 days after the approval of the House of had voted on the contract.

The contract is in Japan as ampo (安 保, a contraction of安全 保障, anzenhoshō ) known to the student movement against the treaty in the 1960s and 1970s were known as ampo hantai. One finds Anpo the case.

Content

The contract states that both nations wanted to entertain and develop capacity to resist armed attack in common. An armed attack on one of the two countries and to under Japanese administration stagnant territory would be considered hazardous for the safety of the other country. Japan, it was released because of his constitutional prohibition of participation in external military operations of the obligation to defend the United States, if these were attacked outside of Japanese territory.

The new contract did not cover the area of ​​the Ryukyu Islands, but an appendix made ​​it clear that advice in an attack on the islands, both governments and take appropriate action would be. In contrast to the Treaty of 1952, a 10 - year term was agreed, after which he could be canceled by either side with one-year notice period. 1970, the contract was extended.

The controversial Article 6 of the Treaty contains an agreement to station U.S. forces in Japan, the United States Forces Japan, and the provision of bases and regulates the management of employees in the facilities of the U.S. armed forces Japanese citizen.

The comment to the contract stipulated that the Japanese government to be " consulted " before major changes to the stationing of troops of the United States in Japan or the use of Japanese bases for combat purposes outside the defense of Japan itself. The limits of the jurisdiction of both countries in the prosecution of crimes by members of the U.S. military in Japan were determined.

The Treaty of 1952 originally consisted of a military aid program that would provide Japan with the means, materials and services necessary for self-defense of the country. Although Japan did not get more help from the U.S. in the 1960s, this Agreement continued to serve as a basis for purchases and licensing agreements for compatibility of weapons systems as well as for the transmission of secret information on Japan, including international intelligence reports and confidential technical information.