Trellis (architecture)

A trellis ( trellis, Trellis ) is a structural design of metal, wood or plastic, which allows a climbing plant species specific to grow in width or height. Trellises are used as a structural element of garden design or house walls ( façade greening ). Colloquially, the terms " Trellis ", " trellis ", etc. are gladly used synonymously for " climbing aids ". Correctly is a clear distinction: Trellises are climbing Konstruktione for such climbing plants which develop Rank organs. As a " climbing aids " is called, however, support and climbing structure for all climbing plants, regardless of their climbing form. In fact, a good climbing aid for a delicate climber works for many other climbing plants, such as strong growing vines, rather than hindering grew helpful.

Material

Trellises can be made of metal, wood or plastic profiles, wires and cables or combinations verschiedenerer materials. Relevant aspects of the suitability of materials are their Erkletterbarkeit by climbing plants, mediation continued safe balance, weather resistance and sufficient strength and load capacity depending on usage. Metals with high thermal conductivity and / or plant- toxic oxidation products are possibly less suitable. A thermal load of fouling can occur especially when dark, thicker metal profiles warm under sunlight and give off much heat on young plant parts. In winter, the surface of all climbing aids does not cool off deeper than the surrounding air.

Coarse construction

When one speaks of a backbone is called so in usually a spatial structure, for example, a Rank column or a foliage design. For two-dimensional trellises, the term applies " trellis " ( or possibly "Rank network " ) better. The claim to represent a climbing aid, a construction meets, among others by a sufficiently large supply of appropriate profiles in the area that is to climb a climbing plant. Accordingly, a trellis provides i.d.R. very delicate dar.

Grid spacings

Mesh sizes between about 10 x 10 cm and 40 x 40 cm are suitable for different climbing plants. The harder the wood, and the longer and more durable the respective tendrils are, the greater the profile distances are possible.

Material thicknesses

The various claims, which provides a climbing plant in accordance with their climbing techniques to help their growth, are observed. The rod or bar circumference should be less than the active length of the tendrils.

• Ranker usually require more or less thin ropes or bars (wine, Clematis, etc.). Even for climbing plants whose active tendrils length is large, the profile diameter should be a maximum of about 2 cm. In slats ( rectangular profiles or similar) a profile scope should be selected < 7 cm.
• Roll (about wisteria, Bittersweet, beans ) slings are best for round bar up to about 5 cm thick.
• Scramblers (eg rose, blackberry) require transverse and longitudinal rods / ropes as they einspreizen with instincts and often also with spikes ( barbs ) Hook.

Into account the wind load

For free-standing trellises should, depending on location, the possible wind load can not be neglected. Trellises in exposed locations should be construed to about 50 kp / m horizontal load (based on the future formed by the growth of storage space).

History

Classic purely functional trellis ( rectangular structure ), which were usually made of wood, adorned from around the end of the 19th century, many agricultural and residential buildings. Constructive differed little from such trellis trellis structures, as they are today, especially in the Alps usual. In addition to the functional rectangular grids from slats ( some have an additional wire covering ) there was special about " middle-class " houses often also diagonally braced trellis from thinner strips. These formed a diamond pattern that covered often whole facades and its framing also absorbed round shapes of the facade. There, the trellis was used specifically as a separate element of a facade design.