Tricholoma portentosum
Schwarzfaseriger Knight (Tricholoma portentosum )
The Schwarzfaserige Tricholoma or Rußkopf ( Tricholoma portentosum ) is a rare fungal species from the family of Tricholoma relatives ( Tricholomataceae ).
- 4.1 ingredients
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat reached 4-11 (-15 ) cm in diameter is initially hemispherical or bell-shaped and later curved to flat and dull hunched. The hat skin is removable. The surface is gray to gray-brown with yellow or purple shades in the middle, almost black, and has a pattern of ingrown radial black fibers (→ name). She is wet greasy to tacky and dry shiny. The slats are pushed and intermingled and bulges are grown on a stick, white young, then get yellowish stains and finally yellowish green. The spore powder is white. The stalk is 6-10 cm long and up to 2.5 cm thick, is designed slightly fibrous and hollow in old age. The surface is bare, whitish and greenish yellow staining. The meat ( Trama ) is whitish to greyish yellow (on the hat skin ), smells and tastes slightly farinaceous flour -like, mild.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are broadly ellipsoid and between approximately spherically shaped, colorless translucent, have a smooth surface and show no color reaction with Jodreagenzien ( nich amyloid ). They measure 5-7 × 3-6 micrometers. They grow to a doctorate at the Basidienzellen. The Basidienzellen measure 22-40 × 5-7.5 (-9) micron. The blades are cutting fertile. Cheilocystidia or buckles are not available. However, there Hymeniumzellen that Zystiden look quite similar, but not protrude from the hymenium. The hat skin is up to 300 microns thick Ixocutis of cylindrical, 1.5-4 microns thick hyphal threads. Is cylindrical to tortuous Caulozystiden find on the stem surface of 20-60 × 3-9 micrometers.
Artabgrenzung
The distinction of his numerous, similar-looking relatives is considered difficult. His best distinguishing feature is its dark, gray hat color. The Brennendscharfe Ritterlingsartige has a pointed hump and burning acrid taste. The Tiger Tricholoma has a scaly hat skin. When Soap Tricholoma reddens the base and it smells soapy.
Ecology and distribution
The Schwarzfaserige Ritterlingsartige grows in mycorrhizal symbiosis with various deciduous and coniferous trees, primarily with spruce and pine, sometimes with aspens or birches. He bears fruit from September to December also during the first frosts, which is why he is also known as Snow Tricholoma. It is found throughout Europe and is generally rare.
Importance
It is edible and is used as an edible mushroom. Included bioactive substances with partially anti-cancer, antibiotic ( against gram - positive bacteria) and antifungal ( against Cryptococcus neoformans ) properties open at least potential medical uses.
Ingredients
The fresh mushroom meat comprises about 93 % water, 3.64% carbohydrates, 2.12% protein, 0.81% ash, 0.38 % fat (about 1:6:3 saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) and has a calorific value of about 112 kJ per 100 g. The amount of fiber in the dry matter is approximately 45%, the protein content of about 16 %, of which 61.8 % essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine and tryptophan as for recovery in the human organism limiting amino acids of the mixture. The bioavailability of the protein mixture is contained by the PDCAAS higher than most vegetable protein mixtures, and significantly lower than the case of milk, egg and meat. The fat content is 5.7 %, of which ( monounsaturated ) and linoleic acid ( polyunsaturated) accounts for over 75% oleic acid. Furthermore, plenty of antioxidants are included.
Systematics and Taxonomy
The official first description goes back to Elias Magnus Fries, who has the kind described in 1821 published the first volume of his work Systema mycologicum. There are described several varieties: variety boutevillei ( Marcel Bon, 1984) with darker, scaly hat surface with oak and beech symbionts variety lugdunense ( Bon ) with pale fruit body and the variety album ( Jacquetant & Bon ) with white fruiting bodies, as well as the varieties avellaneifolium ( [ WA Murrill ] AH Smith) and centrale ( Peck, 1898).