Tumormarker
Tumor markers are proteins, peptides or other biological substances in the blood, which occur in tissue or other body fluids. Their increased concentration may indicate a tumor or recurrence of a tumor. Because they are often low specificity, with the exception of AFP and β -hCG, not for " cancer screening ", but only to monitor the progress.
Examples of individual representatives
- Alpha-1 -fetoprotein ( AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma, and gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Bence -Jones protein in multiple myeloma
- Beta -hCG (beta- subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ) in germ cell tumors of the ovary and non- seminomatösem tumors of the testis
- CA 15-3 in breast cancer ( breast cancer) or ovarian cancer ( ovarian cancer)
- CA 19-9 and CA 50 in pancreatic cancer (pancreatic cancer )
- CA 72-4 in gastric cancer or ovarian cancer
- CA -125 in the ovarian cancer ( ovarian cancer)
- Calcitonin ( human calcitonin, hCT ), the medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Carcino - Embryonic Antigen ( CEA) in colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and adenocarcinoma of the lung
- Chromogranin in neuroendocrine tumors
- Cytokeratin 21 fragment ( CYFRA 21-1 ) and serpin B4 (SCC ) in all variants of lung cancer ( lung cancer )
- Homovanillic acid in neuroblastoma
- 5 - HIAA in the carcinoid
- Catecholamines, vanillylmandelic the pheochromocytoma
- Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) in germ cell tumors
- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LDH -1) in germ cell tumors; a routine determination is not yet recommended in the current guidelines
- Metanephrines during pheochromocytoma
- MUC1 non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC)
- NSE in small cell lung cancer ( SCLC), neuroblastoma and seminomatous germ cell tumors
- Placental alkaline phosphatase ( PLAP ) in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
- Prostate specific antigen (PSA ) in prostate cancer ( prostate cancer)
- Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA ) in prostate cancer
- Tumor M2 -PK in breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer
- Thyroglobulin ( Tg) in any concentration in papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma
Other representatives
- β2 -microglobulin ( β2 M ), CA 54-9, CA 72-4, CA 195, Cancer Associated serum antigen (CASA ), C - peptide, gastrin, glucagon, glucose-6 -phosphate isomerase (GPI ), insulin, neopterin, nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22) Ostase, P53 autoantibodies, paraproteins, prolactin (PRL ), protein S-100, serpin B4 (SCC ), pregnancy -specific β1 -glycoprotein ( SP-1 ), tumor - associated glycoprotein 12 ( DAY 12 ), thymidine kinase ( TK), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA ), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS ), tumor M2 -PK, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP), transketolase like -1 protein ( TKTL1 )