Turpentine

• Gum turpentine
• Wurzelterpentinöl
• Wood turpentine
• Sulphate
• Pine oil
• Balsam oil
• Wood oil
• Terpentinspiritus
• Pine oil

Little volatile, colorless to yellowish liquid with a pleasant odor

Liquid

From 0.86 to 0.87 g · cm -3

-55 ° C

154-170 ° C

5.35 mbar ( 20 ° C)

Practically insoluble in water (20 mg · l -1)

Risk

5760 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

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Turpentine oil (also known as gum turpentine, genuine turpentine, pine oil or Terpentingeist, Latin oleum Terebinthinae ), colloquially often simply turpentine is recovered by distillation from the balsam turpentine mainly of pine (Pinus sp.).

In stark expulsion of turpentine and water from the balsam ( distillation) remains behind rosin. This has gone over with the distillate oil is drained after delamination of the water and entrained to remove dyes, resins and acids ( formic acid) distilled again with water and a little lime.

Turpentine oil is used for example as Solvents and thinners for paints ( color), but for example also for medical applications. As a cheaper alternative ( white spirit ) is now often used white spirit.

Properties

Turpentine appears as a colorless, light and volatile, strong smelling and burning tasting liquid that burns with a sooty flame, and is soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether and 5-10 parts 90 percent alcohol but not in water.

The density is 0.860 to 0.877 g / cm ³, the boiling temperature of 155-165 ° C.

Turpentine oil consists mainly of alpha -pinene (70 % share and higher) and beta- pinene (30% ). Some grades also contain 10 to 20% 3-carene. In small quantities also camphene, limonene and other terpenes are included.

French turpentine is strongly levorotatory, American right-handed (see optical activity ), only very occasionally be found weakly levorotatory oils. Both equivalent in other oils consist of mixtures of isomeric terpenes ( for the most part pinene ), left in shallow vessels at the air only partially evaporate and modified by absorbing oxygen residual (thick oil of the porcelain painter), but eventually dry to a hard, transparent varnish ( resinify ). This property is due to the use of turpentine as binders for paints.

Use

Turpentine dissolves most resins, including rubber, sulfur and phosphorus, mixed with essential and fatty oils and varnish, and is therefore often used in the art, especially for the production of coatings, for diluting oil colors and falsification of essential oils. Further, it is used to remove grease stains and bleaching of fabrics that do not tolerate chlorine such as ivory. In high-quality shoe polish, it is also used.

In medicine, it was used for lovely and zerteilende liniments, and sometimes dropwise prescribed internally. As an adulterant has particularly high-boiling petroleum distillates, rosin and camphor oils observed that even as independent goods under the name of artificial or patent - turpentine ( Larixolin, Paintoil ) appear in the trade and are useful for some purposes. They reduce but because of excessive volatility of the durability of paint coatings and have the disadvantage of a foul odor and flammability. For their detection, the determination of specific weight, and in particular of the refraction Entflammungspunktes sufficient. The aromatics contained in turpentine ( terpenes ) are considered allergenic or - reinforcing. As an alternative solvent, white spirit may be used.

Origin

In Merck 's goods Encyclopedia, published until 1922, various Terpentinölqualitäten were distinguished on the basis of origin:

In addition to the French and American turpentine is the German (Russian- Polish ) turpentine, pine oil is more properly called (Latin oleum pini, seu Terebinthinae Français, French Essence de pin, Eng. Pine oil ) is called, an important commodity. It is in the Teerschwelerei from the root wood of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, won, shows a yellowish color, and quite strong, unpleasant smell and does not dry as fast as American or French turpentine. The pine oil is therefore not suitable for mixing with paints, oil paints only when it comes to exterior paints because its odor seems too uncomfortable. It comes from Poland and Austria in the trade.

In addition, mention may be made even spanish, greek, Austrian, Venetian and Indian turpentine oil as a special varieties. The Spanish oil of turpentine is consistent with the French and has recently gained importance. The Greek turpentine oil, turpentine from the Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis Miller, is by strong clockwise rotation excellent ( about 40 °). The Austrian ( New Town ) turpentine comes from the black pine, Pinus nigra, the Venetian by the European larch Larix decidua and the Indian of Pinus longifolia Roxb .. In contrast to the other Terpentinölsorten the Indian turpentine oil contains little pinene, on the other hand as the main ingredient sylvestrene.

Related oils

The turpentine oils are related:

These four oils are used primarily in perfumery and as Einreibungsmittel.