Twin cities (geographical proximity)

A double center is in the spatial order of the composite of two central locations due to their geographical proximity, the administrative autonomy - as opposed to a merger cities - has been preserved. However, the term double center is used only in local and regional planning fewer countries (mainly Baden- Württemberg).

Double centers in Germany

In Germany there are a number of - partly transnational - Double centers.

  • Böblingen - Sindelfingen (Baden- Württemberg)
  • Lörrach - Weil am Rhein ( as suburbs of the Swiss city of Basel in Baden- Württemberg)
  • Mannheim - Ludwigshafen am Rhein ( Baden-Württemberg/Rheinland-Pfalz )
  • Ravensburg - Weingarten ( Baden- Württemberg)
  • Reutlingen - Tübingen ( Baden- Württemberg)
  • Ulm - Neu-Ulm ( Baden-Württemberg/Bayern )
  • Diez - Limburg an der Lahn ( Rheinland-Pfalz/Hessen )
  • State capital Mainz - City of Wiesbaden ( Rheinland-Pfalz/Hessen )
  • Saalfeld / Saale - Rudolstadt (Thuringia; most recently tripolar along with Bad Blankenburg center )
  • Suhl - Zella -Mehlis ( Thuringia)

In the context of regional reforms closely neighboring towns were united into one city, which will therefore not be referred to as double centers, but have a strong " double center " character:

  • Bietigheim- Bissingen (Baden- Württemberg)
  • Castrop -Rauxel (Nordrhein- Westfalen)
  • Garmisch -Partenkirchen ( Bavaria )
  • Rheda- Wiedenbrück ( Nordrhein-Westfalen)
  • Villingen -Schwenningen (Baden- Württemberg)
  • Ribnitz Damgarten (Mecklenburg- Vorpommern)
  • Dessau (Saxony- Anhalt)

Also behind some fusion cities without hyphen names former real double centers may conceal (all in North Rhine -Westphalia):

  • Bergisch Gladbach ( Bergisch Gladbach - Bensberg )
  • Duisburg (Duisburg - Hamborn, 1929-35 Duisburg -Hamborn )
  • Herne ( Herne - Wanne- Eickel )
  • Moenchengladbach ( Monchengladbach - Reydt )
  • Wuppertal ( Elberfeld - Barmen Barmen- Elberfeld 1929-1930 )

Multiple centers in Germany

In addition, there are regions in Germany with economic connectedness of cities, some of which spread across several countries:

  • Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (Nürnberg - Fürth - Erlangen, Bavaria )
  • Rhine- Neckar (Baden- Württemberg, Rhineland -Palatinate, Hesse )
  • Rhine- Ruhr (North Rhine -Westphalia) Ruhr region (part of the Rhine- Ruhr)

Norms and Standards

  • VwV Regional Plans - Administrative Regulation on the establishment of regional plans and the use of plan characters (Baden- Württemberg)
  • Theory ( Regional Planning )
Bietigheim-Bissingen Castrop-Rauxel Bitterfeld-Wolfen Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia Rhine-Neckar Rhine-Ruhr
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