Ukrainian karbovanets

Karbowanez (singular and plural alike; Ukrainian singular: Карбованець Karbowanez, plural: karbowanzi / karbowanziw ) was a monetary unit of Ukraine in three different periods of the 20th century.

The term Karbowanez originated in the 18th century than during several decades ruble coins with oblique notches ( " karb ,-en " in Russian and Ukrainian) were issued on the edge instead of edge lettering, which is why these coins " Karbowanez " were mentioned.

In the confusion after the October Revolution, in which was founded on until then Russian territory Ukrainian People's Republic, was the first currency Karbowanez. After the merger with the expenses incurred on the former Habsburg territory West Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1918, the Central decided on March 1, 1918, the introduction of a new currency: the hryvnia worth half Karbowanez. For now Karbowanez were still being displayed, which were then simultaneously with the hryvnyas in circulation.

Edition of the bills in chronological order:

• 5. Januar 1918-100 Karbowanez
• April 6, 1918 - 25 and 50 Karbowanez
• October 17, 1918 - 10, 100 and 500 hryvnia
• Oktober 1918 - 1000 and 2000 hryvnia
• August 1919 - 10, 100, 250 and 1000 Karbowanez
• Oktober 1919-25 Karbowanez

After connecting to the Soviet Union was in Ukraine first of the " Bolshevik thousand" one, however, had a very bad exchange rate against the Karbowanez. Again, there were 1922-1924 currency reforms, the first Soviet Tscherwonez, then the Soviet Karbowanez and later finally introduced the ruble.

At the time of the German occupation from 1942 to 1945 were obtained from the central bank of Ukraine, based in Rovno ( now called Rivne ) Karbowanez banknotes ( 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 to 1, 2, 5, 10, ) is output. These were printed in the imperial printing to Berlin. The Karbowanez were introduced on 25 July 1942, the population of Ukraine Reichskomissariats had to deliver all Soviet bank notes worth about 5 rubles. Therefore were then Reichsmark notes, Karbowanez, Soviet bills to 1 and 3 rubles, Soviet coins and German coinage of 1, 5 and 10 Pfennig zinc in circulation. There was an official rate 10 Reichspf. = 1 Karbowanez = 1 ruble.

The Karbowanez ran exclusively on the territory of " Reichskomissariats Ukraine" to. The running course was very variable and in the spring of 1944, the Karbowanez were almost worthless ( the Soviet ruble as well). In May 1944, the mass rejection of Karbowanez and Reichsmark bills and one began -, 5 - and 10 - cent coins. After the liberation of the Ukraine Karbowanez and Reichsmark notes were destroyed and set off course. The owners of Karbowanez were mostly arrested by the Soviet police and convicted as collaborators.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a new Ukrainian state in 1991, a transitional currency ( Kupon-Karbowanez/купоно-карбованець ) was introduced in 1992, which suffered because of the economic crisis at this time under hyperinflation. Thus, the average annual exchange rate was 1992 135 coupons for Mark, 1995, there were 102 886 for DEM coupons. (Source :) 1996 Karbowanez was replaced by the hryvnia.

Karbowanez the post-Soviet Ukraine

1 Karb. (1991 ) back

3 Karb. (1991) Front

3 Karb. (1991 ) back

10 Karb. (1991) Front

10 Karb. (1991 ) back

25 Karb. (1991) Front

25 Karb. (1991 ) back

50 Karb. (1991) Front

50 Karb. (1991 ) back

100 Karb. (1991) Front

100 Karb. (1991 ) back

1 million Karb. (1995) Front

1 million Karb. (1995 ) back

• Historical Currency Unit ( Europe)
• Ukrainian history