Ulmus parvifolia

Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia )

The Chinese elm ( Ulmus parvifolia ) is a plant of the genus elm (Ulmus ).

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance

The Chinese Elm is a deciduous tree reaching heights of growth of up to 25 meters. The trunk diameter at breast height can be up to 1 meter. The bark is more or less smooth, gray to gray - brown, sometimes into the olive temporarily. Beimdick growth, the bark breaks into irregular shield-like scales that turn into brownish -orange. The crown is wide spherical with branched branches. The branches are long and hang down. Unlike other elm species, there are no Korkflügel. The tissue of the branches is brown very dark brown. The bark of young branches is very hairy, older branches it is smooth.

The winter buds are nearly acute or obtuse ovate to round. The bud scales are reddish - brown to brown and hairy or hairless.

Sheet

The leaves are petiolate. The 2-6 mm long petioles are glabrous or sparsely covered with short hairs. The leaf blades are narrow -elliptic or lanceolate to ovate or obovate. Often they are on both sides of the midrib in length and width equal with oblique base. They are on average 4.5 inches long and between 1.5 and 2.5 inches wide.

The leaf margin is irregular simply serrated with blunt teeth, rarely double serrated. The blade tip is sharp or blunt. The leaf surface with increasing distance from the midrib paler and hairy, toward the axis, dark green, glabrous and shiny. The trichomes fall with increasing age of the leaf off but remain only on the midrib receive. The midrib is depressed from her branches on each side for 10 to 15 side ribs from each bifurcate at least five times.

Inflorescence, flower and

The flowering season lasts from August to October. The tufted, Trugdoldigen inflorescences contain three to six flowers. The flower stems are 8 to 10 millimeters long and hairy.

The hermaphrodite flowers have a simple perianth. The four identically designed, reddish - brown, barren bracts are fused funnel-shaped. They are deeply lobed in four to five times. The three or four stamens bear reddish dust bag. The scar is hairy lobed and white. It ranges from the perianth out and bends and opens with the maturity.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits are winged, single-seeded nut fruits ( samaras ) of greenish to light brown, rarely dark brown or reddish. They sit at 1 in 3 millimeters long stalks. The fruits are elliptical and are 10 to 13 millimeters long, and 6-8 mm wide. You are notched at the top and glabrous except for white scars remaining hair in the notch. The seed sits in the center or the top of the nut down.

Set of chromosomes

The chromosome number is 2n = 28

Dissemination

The natural range of the Chinese elm is located in the People's Republic of China, where it is found at altitudes up to 800 meters in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang and in the autonomous region of Guangxi. In addition, the Chinese Elm is native to Taiwan. Outside of China, it is found naturally in parts of India and Vietnam, Kazakhstan, North Korea and Japan.

In North America, find neophyte properties in the United States. It seems to naturalize the Chinese Elm lighter than the English elm (Ulmus procera) or elm (Ulmus glabra). Also found in Namibia neophyte deposits around the capital, Windhoek; where this species is considered invasive.

In Europe, the Chinese elm is seen in cultivation and often only for a few decades. In the UK it was introduced in 1974.

Use

The Chinese Elm is estimated as a solitary tree in culture because of its beautiful shape and the decorative bark. In addition, the species is relatively resistant to the Dutch elm disease. Also known as Bonsai is the kind of very popular.

The wood has a mean density of 910 kg / m³ and a moisture content of 15%. The leaves and unripe fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The plant is also rumored to have a clinical benefit.

Similar type

The Chinese Elm is similar to the Siberian elm ( Ulmus pumila ). Distinguishing features are the smaller, shorter -stalked and simply serrated leaves in the Chinese elm; the Siberian elm are doubly serrated. In addition, the heyday of the Siberian elm is much earlier.

Swell

• Liguo Fu, Xin Yiqun & Alan Whittemore: Ulmaceae: Ulmus parvifolia, pp. 9 - Registered as text printed work, in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27- X
• Susan L. Sherman - Broyles: Ulmus: Ulmus parvifolia - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6