United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( short on Trade and Development Conference; engl: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD; French:. Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement, UNCTAD ) is a permanent organ of General Assembly of the United Nations based in Geneva.
Its aim is to promote trade between countries with different levels of development (mainly industrialized countries and developing countries). In addition to ( geographically southern and northern hemisphere ) improved by the UNCTAD understanding between North and South and a New World Economic Order will be developed. To the staff of UNCTAD include 400 employees, the Chairman is currently ( September 2013 ) Dr. Mukhisa Kituyi ( Kenya ).
For UNCTAD today includes all UN member countries, whose representatives come together every four years to a conference. Activities of UNCTAD but are coordinated by a semi-annually, which meets Trade and Development Board. This council is divided into various committees to the work program dealing with correspondingly about the fight against poverty, the international trade and cooperation between developing countries. A special committee monitors a " special department ", which allows developing countries to deliver a portion of their merchandise exports with lower customs duty in more developed countries ( mainly industrialized countries).
In addition, there are various expert groups dealing with investment, financial and privatization issues and the transfer of technology.
History
Most of the ( present ) developing countries were formerly occupied by mostly European colonial powers. This did not place great emphasis on a good education of the population of their colonies. Natural resources and raw materials were exported to the mother country, where a refinement to more sophisticated goods was - and where the profit remained. Thus, the current lags behind the industrialized countries is at least partly to explain. After the decolonization took place by today's industrialized countries and over time most former colonies and newly independent countries were admitted to the United Nations, developing countries surpassed soon the number of industrial countries in the UN.
There were complaints from the developing countries, they are at a disadvantage compared to the industrialized countries and conquer an unjust world economic order ( WWO ). The representatives of 77 nations sat down to a first World Trade Conference from March 23 to June 16, 1964 in Geneva together to discuss the problems of international markets and trade. Based on the promising results of the UN General Assembly decided to let this be a permanent institution with its own organization. It was created on December 30, 1964, the UNCTAD in Geneva.
( German as: United Nations Centre for Transnational Corporations ) 1993, the United previously founded in 1974 Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations was, in short: UNCTC, which deals with all matters related to international business and cross-border direct investment dealt as Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise Development ( German as: Division on Investment, technology and Enterprise development) integrated in the UNCTAD.
Conferences
To date, thirteen conferences of UNCTAD took place:
Secretaries-General of UNCTAD
Objectives
To give impetus to the cooperation with the developing countries:
- Promotion of foreign trade
- Expansion of manufacturing industry
- Better market access
- Fulfillment of development assistance plans ( 0.7% of GDP for development aid from the industrialized countries )
- New International Economic Order ( NWWO ) Declaration of the UN General Assembly in 1974