Valery Chkalov
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov (Russian Валерий Павлович Чкалов, scientific transliteration Valery Pavlovich Čkalov; * 20 Januarjul / February 2 1904greg in Wassiljowo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, .. † December 15, 1938 in Moscow) was a Soviet pilot.
Life
Chkalov occurred in 1919 volunteered for the Red Army. 1921/22, he attended the military aviation school in theoretical Egoryevsk. Subsequently, he was one of the first student pilots trained on the new Military Aviation School for Pilots Borisoglebsk. As of June 1924 Chkalov served in a fighter pilot unit. Besides, he acquired the aerobatic rating. In 1927 he was appointed commander chain. From 1928 to 1930 Chkalov worked as a flight instructor at the Bryansk school.
In 1930 Chkalov test pilot from the Scientific Institute of the Air Force, later the Polikarpov OKB. There he was in 1931 one of the pilots who attempt takeoffs and landings executed with a flying aircraft carrier. In addition, he was responsible for the testing of the Polikarpov fighters I-15, I-16 and I-17. Chkalov convincingly proving its good aircraft control. He came through these attempts in contact with the home Tupolev, which he joined in 1933. Overall Chkalov tested over 70 aircraft types.
1936 moved Tschkalow by a record flight from 20 to 22 June with a Tupolev ANT- 25 in the light of the Russian public, as he managed together with Baidukow and Belyakov, increment the duration flight record at 56 hours and 20 minutes. This performance was achieved during a nonstop flight from Moscow to Udd Island ( at the northwest end of the Tatarensunds ) ( 9374 km ). From 18 to June 20, 1937 a record-breaking flight took place more than 12,000 kilometers in 63 hours 25 minutes as trans polar flight from Moscow to Vancouver, which meant a new world record for a flight without landing. After this flight, received the Medal Hero of the Soviet Union was granted on 24 July 1937. In 1938 he was promoted to brigade commander. Chkalov was also winner of Order of Lenin ( twice ) and the Rotbannerordens.
Chkalov came in 1938 in the testing of the Polikarpov I -180 lost their lives. His ashes were buried at the Kremlin wall in Moscow. Even in 1955 examined a convened by Khrushchev Commission the circumstances that led to the crash, but came to no clear conclusion.
Chkalov was married to Olga Jerasmowa Tschkalowa and had a son, Igor (1928-2006) and two daughters: Valeria (1935-2013), Olga ( born 1939 ).
Appreciation
Tschkalows birthplace Wassiljowo was renamed in 1937 to mark the non-stop flight to Canada in Chkalovsk on the right bank of the Volga River, about 100 kilometers north-west of Nizhny Novgorod. From 1938 to 1957, the city was named in honor of the Orenburg Pilot Chkalov.
Also his name carries the Kaliningrad district Chkalovsk (fir forest before 1945 ). It was also one of the largest aircraft plants of Russia, the Novosibirsk aircraft plant NAPO, already named after him in 1939. A strategic bomber Tupolev Tu -160 bears his name.
In Russia, three subway stations carry the name Tschkalows: In December 1995, was opened in Moscow with the commissioning of the Metro line 10 station Chkalovskaya, as was in September 1997 in Saint Petersburg on the metro line 4 (now part of this section to line 5. ) the station called Chkalovskaya opened. Also called a station built in 1985, the Nizhny Novgorod Metro Chkalovskaya.
The Russian Air Force training center in Lipetsk and the National flight test center in Akhtubinsk bear his name today. In addition, the military airfield Chkalovsky is named after him.
2004, a 2 -ruble silver commemorative coin was minted in an edition of 7000 pieces in Russia on the occasion of the 100th birthday. It shows Tschkalows portrait in flight gear next to the flight route from Moscow over the North Pole to Vancouver 1937. For the same reason appeared a stamp.