Vesicular stomatitis virus

The vesicular stomatitis ( " bubbles inflammation of the oral mucosa " ) or Vesikulärstomatitis is a mild running virus disease in ungulates (especially horses, mules, cattle, pigs rarely ). The disease was first observed in the late 19th century in South Africa and occurs today, especially in America, especially in the Caribbean frequently. The disease is particularly because of their transferability to humans ( zoonosis ) and their similarity to the foot and mouth disease (FMD ) is important and is therefore classed as a notifiable animal disease. In Europe, it is so far, except for a local presence in Kosovo in 1996, did not occur.

Etiology

The causative agent of the disease is that vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV) in the genus of the Rhabdoviridae family vesiculovirus. There are different serotypes of VSV.

The exact transmission remains unclear. It is assumed that the distribution via direct and indirect contact, and insects ( sand flies ), the infection through wounds in the oral mucosa occurs.

The vesicular stomatitis may occur as an epidemic, but also relate to only a few animals.

Clinical picture

The vesicular stomatitis in cattle is similar to a mild foot-and-mouth disease. It manifests itself in bubble formation in the oral cavity, which leads to excessive salivation and anorexia, and on the teats, which leads to decreasing milk production and promotes the common complication of an inflammation of the udder. The course is benign rule, and the disease heals within 2 to 3 weeks from spontaneous.

In horses the blistering dominated in the oral cavity, occur in pigs, the bubbles on especially on the feet.

In humans, the vesicular stomatitis manifests with flu like symptoms (fever, sore throat).

Diagnostics

To investigate saliva, liquid can be used from the vesicles and mucosal samples. Because man is susceptible to the disease, protective gloves should be worn during sampling.

A presumptive diagnosis can be made by electron microscopic detection of the virus in the sample material. The virus antigen can be detected by ELISA, complement fixation and virus neutralization test.

The differential diagnosis must be excluded in cattle and pigs especially FMD. The vesicles in the vesicular stomatitis can be either clinically or histopathologically different from those of FMD, horses are not susceptible to FMD. Furthermore, the vesicular exanthema (pigs, horses rarely ) and in pigs exclude swine vesicular disease.

Combat

The vesicular stomatitis has notifiable disease in most countries of the world. No treatment is possible, diseased animals are placed in quarantine until healing.

  • Viral infection of humans
  • Zoonosis
  • Notifiable animal disease
  • Viral infection in pigs
  • Viral infection in horses
  • Viral infection in ruminants
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