Vesper bat
Townsend - long ear ( Corynorhinus townsendii )
The Myotis bats ( Vespertilionidae ) are a family of bats. It is the most diverse family of this group to include them with the world some 350 species in 45 genera around a third of all known species of bats.
Dissemination
Myotis bats are common in temperate and tropical regions of the world, it only lacks in the Arctic, Antarctica and on most islands. In Europe, approximately 35 species are widespread, including around 25 in Central Europe. With the exception of several horseshoe bat, the European bulldog bat ( Tadarida teniotis ) and the Nilflughund ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) in Cyprus include all European bats in this family. A complete list can be found in the section systematics.
Description
Myotis bats have their name, therefore, unlike other bats that they have no nose essays, only in the subfamily of the Australian long-eared bats is a rudimentary nose sheet available. The eyes are small, the ears unlike very large, they can be up to 40 millimeters long about in the long-eared bats ( Plecotus ), and a cover ear ( tragus ) lockable. The coat color is brown usually gray or black, but there are also reddish, yellow and several patterned ways. A tail is generally available, it is embedded in the tail wing membrane ( Uropatagium ). Myotis bats reach a body length 32-105 mm, a tail length of 25 to 75 mm and a weight of 4 to 50 grams.
Way of life
These bats come in a variety of habitats, from dry deserts to humid rain forests. As Sleeps them are primarily caves, but they are also in mines, buildings, tree holes or in large leaves to find. Some species live solitary, others are found in large groups of hundreds of thousands of animals. The species in cooler regions migrate during the winter months in warmer areas or hibernate, which they often find their own winter quarters. Like most bats are nocturnal.
Food
Most Myotis bats feed on insects. Most catch their prey in flight using their tail wing membrane, but some also collect insects crawling. From some species is known to eat fish, for this purpose they fish their prey using their hind legs from lakes or rivers.
Reproduction
Most vespertilionid females have two teats. In many species the females " nurseries " form, in which they retire together to the birth and the following period of the breeding season. The males usually do not participate in the rearing. In species in cooler areas mating occurs in the fall or winter, the sperm is stored in the reproductive tract of the female, and only comes in the spring for fertilization. In warmer areas, the pairing can take place throughout the year. The gestation period is on average 40 to 70 days, usually comes a single (rarely up to four) young is born. The life expectancy is relatively high for animals of their body size, individual specimens can reach an age of 20 years and longer reach.
Threat
Main threat to the Myotis bats is the progressive destruction of their habitat, particularly on small islands endemic species are affected. But in Europe, many species are affected by renovation of existing buildings or by poisoning with insect repellents. The IUCN lists two species as extinct, 27 more are threatened or endangered as strong, but for many species lacked data.
System
External system
Myotis bats are in a separate superfamily, Vespertilionoidea classified. Their closest relatives are the Bulldog bats ( Molossidae ). Fossil ancestors have occupied since the Middle Eocene.
Internal system
The internal system is still the subject of many discussions. The numerous genera are divided into six subfamilies, but their phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. The South American species Tomopeas ravus likely after recent studies are among the Bulldog bats, of which include the Antrozoinae that are sometimes raised as Antrozoidae to the rank of a family, but probably to the Myotis bats.
- Subfamily Kerivoulinae Kerivoula, 22 species, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia
- Long wing Bats ( Miniopterus ), 13 species, Eurasia, Africa, Australia, 1 of its kind in Europe
- Harpiocephalus, 2 types, Southeast Asia
- Murina, 15 species, East, South and Southeast Asia
- Antrozous pallidus, North and Central America
- Bauerus dubiaquercus, Central America
- Nyctophilus, 10 species, Australia, New Guinea
- Pharotis imogene, New Guinea
- Barbastelle ( Barbastella ), 2 types, Eurasia, of which 1 in Europe
- Chalinolobus, 7 species, Australia, New Zealand
- American long-eared bats ( Corynorhinus ), 3 types of North America
- Serotine bats ( Eptesicus ), about 30 species worldwide, of which 2 in Europe
- Spotted bat ( Euderma maculatum ), North America
- Eudiscopus denticulus, Southeast Asia
- Glauconycteris, 9 species, Africa
- Dick thumb bats ( Glischropus ), 2 types, Southeast Asia
- Hesperoptenus, 5 types, Southeast Asia
- Histiotus, 4 species, South America
- Hypsugo, about 15 species worldwide, of which 1 in Europe
- Ia io, China
- Allen- long-eared bat ( Idionycteris phyllotis ), North America
- African long-eared bats ( Laephotis ), 4 types, Africa
- Silver Hair bat ( Lasionycteris noctivagans ), North America
- Hair tail bats ( Lasiurus ), 15 species, America
- Mimetillus moloney, Central Africa
- Mouse-eared bats (Myotis ): about 90 species worldwide, of which 11 are in Europe
- Noctule ( Nyctalus ), 6 types, Eurasia, North Africa, 4 in Europe
- American noctule ( Nycticeius ), 2 species, North America
- Schlieffen 's bat ( Nycticeinops schlieffeni ), Africa, Southwest Asia
- Desert long-eared bat ( Otonycteris hemprichi ), North Africa, West Asia
- Philetor brachypterus, Southeast Asia
- Pipistrelle bats ( Pipistrellus ), about 35 species worldwide, of which 5 in Europe
- Long-eared bats ( Plecotus ), 8 species, Eurasia, including 7 in Europe
- Rhogeessa, 8 species of Central and South America Rhogeessa tumida, Central America
European genera and species
- Barbastelle ( Barbastella ) Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus )
- Serotine bats ( Eptesicus ) Serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus )
- Northern bat ( Eptesicus nils soni )
- Isabellfledermaus ( Eptesicus isabellinus )
- Coast bat ( Eptesicus anatolicus )
- Hypsugo Alps bat ( Hypsugo savii )
- Long wing Bats ( Miniopterus ) Schreiber's bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii )
- Mouse-eared bats (Myotis ) Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii )
- Langfußfledermaus (Myotis capaccinii )
- Pond bat (Myotis dasycneme )
- Brandt's bat, and Brandt 's bat ( Myotis brandtii )
- Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus )
- Nymph bat ( Myotis alcathoe )
- Steppe - whiskered bat (Myotis aurascens )
- Geoffroy's bat (Myotis emarginatus )
- Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri )
- Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii )
- Greater mouse- eared bat (Myotis myotis)
- Lesser Mouse- eared bat (Myotis blythii )
- Punic mouse-eared bat (Myotis punicus )
- Noctule ( Nyctalus ) Noctule ( Nyctalus noctula )
- Leisler ( Nyctalus leisleri )
- Azores noctule ( Nyctalus azoreum )
- Giant noctule ( Nyctalus lasioptreus )
- Pipistrelle bats ( Pipistrellus ) Common pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus )
- Nathusius' pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus nathusii )
- White border bat ( Pipistrellus kuhlii )
- Soprano pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pygmaeus )
- Madeira - bat ( Pipistrellus maderensis )
- Long-eared bats ( Plecotus ) Alpine long-eared bat ( Plecotus alpinus macrobullaris )
- Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus )
- Balkan long-eared bat (Plecotus kolombatovici )
- Grey long-eared bat ( Plecotus austriacus )
- Canaries - long-eared bat (Plecotus teneriffae )
- Caucasian long-eared bat ( Plecotus macrobullaris macrobullaris )
- Sardinian Long- eared bat (Plecotus sardus )
- Two color bats ( Vespertilio ) Parti-colored Bat ( Vespertilio murinus )