Vila Bela da SantÃssima Trindade
- 15.006944444444 - 59.948055555556Koordinaten: 15 ° 0 ' S, 59 ° 57 ' W
Vila Bela da Trindade Santíssima is located at the headwaters of the Rio Guaporé town with 14,523 inhabitants ( 2009) in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. She was from 1752 to 1820, the first capital of Mato Grosso.
The city is strongly influenced by African, because their inhabitants are mostly descendants of African slaves who were taken in the 18th and 19th century to work in the gold mines here. This is also reflected in the annual Festa do Congo is one of the highlight of the Dança do Congo, which is listed against the backdrop of the ruins of the Igreja Matriz .. In addition to the festival and the church ruins are among the tourist attractions trips into the jungle along the Guaporé and to the nearby Parque Estadual da Serra de Ricardo Franco, in which the Cascata dos Namorados (Eng. Valentin cascade) is located. Furthermore, there is a local history museum. There is an approximately seven-hour bus service to Cuiabá, operate their buses daily.
History
In the first half of the 18th century gold discoveries in today's Mato Grosso led to the Portuguese, especially Bandeirantes increasingly penetrated into this hitherto largely unexplored in the border area to the Spanish colonial empire lying region. 1737 while the Guaporé was discovered and 1742-1743 drove explorers from the headwaters of the Rio Guaporé over the Río Mamoré and Rio Madeira to the Amazon in Brazil down. The connection to Atlankikküste on the river system of the Amazon quickly formed an important transport and trade, so you could travel from Vila Bela to Belem in less than two months accomplish while on the overland route from Sao Paulo to Vila Bela five to seven months needed. In order to secure the border area against Spain Portugal in 1748 taught the Captaincy of Mato Grosso and founded in 1752 Vila Bela da Trindade Santíssima as its capital. Additionally, garrisons were built along the Rio Guaporé 1776-1783 and a fortress in Principe da Beira built. Contractually the boundary line in the Treaty of Madrid ( 1750) was controlled by him was the Guaporé below Vila Bela to the border river. The Portuguese forced initially to work local Indians in agriculture and in the gold mines at the headwaters of the Rio Guapore because Indians but under the conditions of forced labor often died quickly or when you simply removed by retreat into the jungle, African slaves were soon after Vila Bela brought to replace the Indians as laborers.
1771 Nowadays, only a ruin remained Igreja Matriz ( Portuguese special type of church ) was built in 1782 and owned Vila Bela around 7000 inhabitants. The population rose up in the 1820s to around 13,600 and was characterized by a high proportion of African slaves ( about 2000 whites, 4300 Indians, 7300 blacks). The naturalist Johann Natterer visited the city at that time, as he went down the Rio Guaporé during his research trip through Mato Grosso. During the 19th century, it started to decline Vila Bela, consequently, decreased the population strong. 1820 Vila Bela lost the capital status to Cuiabá. Moreover, Vila Bela, and other branches looked at the headwaters of the Rio Guaporé for much of the 19th century intensified attacks by the Cabixi exposed. At the beginning of the 20th century the population was finally less than 1000 inhabitants, who were almost all former slaves or their descendants. 1908 visited the explorer and ethnologist Percy Fawcett Vila Bela in the context of his expedition to the Rio Verde, a tributary of the Rio Guaporé