Violet click beetle
Violet Blue Wurzehalsschnellkäfer ( Limoniscus violaceus )
The Blue Violets root collar beetle ( Limoniscus violaceus ) is a beetle of the family of click beetles ( Elateridae ).
Features
Beetle
The length of the mainly crepuscular, if not nocturnal Violet Blue root collar click beetle is ten to twelve millimeters. The black wing-covers have a raised seam and have a blue tinge. Because of this blue shimmer is little risk of confusion with other beetle species.
Larvae
The larvae of click beetles called in wireworms are omnivores. Their enemies include True beetle ( Carabus ) and fly killer Fungal ( Entomophthorales ). When threatened, the larvae secrete a toxin in her jaw. The color of the larvae is golden yellow with a sort of semi-gloss. The ninth abdominal segment is tan. The small spines ( " Spinules " ) of the Torah are in calf A denser arrangement than in the larvae of the click beetle leaves Rotbauchigen ( Athous haemorrhoidalis ). The tergites ( back plates ) of adult larvae are rather dense and regular grain, which the larvae of click beetles larvae of the genera Athous and Hemicrepidius different. The final ninth segment has two extensions Urogomphi that are regularly grainy at wireworms of Violet Blue root collar click beetle and appear slightly swollen. To shape and surface structure of the Urogomphi can see the larvae of other beetles species such as the Rotbauchigen foliage beetle ( Athous haemorrhoidalis ) Athous campyloides, Hemicrepidius hirtus and Denticollis linearis differ, which may occur in the same tree.
Dissemination
The species occurs in Europe, but not in the extreme north and south. In Denmark, the species is extinct, as it was most recently demonstrated in the early 20th century. The type specimen was described in 1800 by Pastor Philip Odenbacher Wilbrand Jacob Müller discovered after a while Palatine Meisenheim copy.
As a so -called jungle relic inhabited the beetle old stocks of hardwood, for example, Common ash and beech trees in England ( with flower visits, for example, the intervention leagues hawthorn ), turkey oak, lime, ash and maple trees in Hungary as well as book and rare oaks in France. The total area in Europe, occur on the Violet Blue root collar beetle is estimated at less than 500 km ².
A single fossil evidence comes from a Gallo-Roman excavation in the northern French department of Calvados, which is dated around 150 AD, where the violets blue root collar beetle was discovered together with the stumbling beetle ( Valgus hemipterus ).
The larva is dependent on those dark rag, as the ( bicolor Rhamnusium ) and ants out forms when living trees, for example, fungus, weevils of the genus Rhyncolus, the bump head Bock where the master cave touch the ground for the occurrence greatly restricts and fragmented. It does not matter if the tree is to be found in old forests or cultivated land with tree stumps with coppice. Preferably, however, sludge is with a certain constant humidity ( more humid) and also a certain constant temperature (rather warm). Pupation takes place from August to September, mating and egg-laying was observed in England from April to June in Poland in late April / early May. The larval development extends over a period of two years.
Threats and conservation
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN ) estimates the stock one as endangered ( "endangered ").
The beetle is listed as a " species of Community interest " in Annex II of the European Union Fauna-Flora -Habitat Directive. To ensure that Member States are obliged to draw up programs of measures to preserve them and to designate special protection areas under Natura 2000. The species occurs in Hessen in reserve " Serriger stream valley and Leuk and Saar " in Rhineland -Palatinate and in five forest areas. In total there will be in Germany, only about ten sites of the way in England three.
Synonyms
Pending the designation of the species as Limoniscus 1905 by the Austrian entomologists Edmund Reitter the species was referred to in the scientific literature as Limonius violaceus.