Volvariella volvacea
Dunkelstreifiger Scheid Ling ( Volvariella volvacea )
The Dunkelstreifige or Schwarzstreifige Scheid Ling ( Volvariella volvacea ) is a species of fungus in the genus of Scheidl Inge ( Volvariella ) in the family of roof fungus relatives ( Pluteaceae ). It is grown mainly in East Asia as an edible fungus on straw. Hence the name of straw mushroom, straw mushroom rice or rice straw Scheid Ling come.
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
Guard reaches a diameter of 3 to 10 cm. He is on a light background sooty brown to blackish radially überfasert, appears entirely black part in the center and towards the edges is due to the diverging fibers significantly brighter. The hat skin can be pulled off, but has, in contrast to several related species a dry surface and is like covered with Velumfetzen. The crowded, at first whitish lamellae show soon a flesh- reddish color. The white stem has a length of 3-9 cm and width 1.5 to 9.5 cm. He has a fine flaky surface and is wrapped at the bulbous base of an often bilobed, baggy and predominantly dark brown to grauschwärzlichen volva. It is often paler basal straw colored to colored almost whitish and scaly also significantly tomentose. The smell, ranging from non-specific to slightly pelargonienartig.
Microscopic characteristics
At the basidia mature 1-4 spores, the latter is the rule. The spores are 6-8, rare 8.5 microns long and up to 9 at least 4, but generally 4.5 to 5.5 and up to 6 microns wide. They are shaped somewhat thick-walled and highly variable. Sitting at the cutting blades voluminous, wide balloon-shaped cystidia with a length of up to 110, sometimes also 130 microns and a width of up to 38 microns. Often located at the top a short or longer, up to 25 microns long beak - rarely two beaks per basidium may occur. The volva is occupied by up to 50 microns long, cylindrical, septate and rounded at the end of hair. They are pigmented intracellular yellowish.
Ecology
The Dunkelstreifige Scheid Ling is a Saprobiont. Its fruit bodies grow from July to October of forest and roadsides, under hedges, on fertilized grasslands, meadows and in parks and gardens. Also on heavily vermorschtem deciduous and coniferous wood, detritus and bare earth may the fungus. In addition, colonized the compost heap sort, pulp, hotbeds and similar secondary habitats.
Dissemination
The occurrence of Dunkelstreifigen Scheid Lings extends to tropical Asia, Africa and the meridional to temperate Holarctic. In East Asia, is the way in Japan, native to North America in the U.S. and in North Africa in Morocco. From the European continent there evidence from the south (Italy, Romania), west ( France, Netherlands), the middle ( Germany, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Czech Republic) and the Northeast ( Kaliningrad Oblast ). Even from Northern Europe (Denmark, southern Norway and Sweden) there are messages Fund, although the fungus northward does not exceed the latitude 58 degrees usually. Only in Norway is reported from isolated collections made up to 62 degrees latitude.
In Germany the Dunkelstreifige Scheid Ling scatters extremely patchy across Bavaria and Baden- Württemberg. Chance, the way in Saarland, are found in North Rhine -Westphalia, Thuringia, Saxony -Anhalt, Saxony, Brandenburg, and southern Lower Saxony. In contrast, the evidence still stand out from Hesse, Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, Rhineland -Palatinate and Schleswig -Holstein.
Importance
In Thai and Chinese cuisine of agaric found in stir-fries, soups and stews a variety of applications and has cultivated mushrooms as an economic significance. In Thailand it is known as "Het Fang", เห็ด ฟาง. The breeding is done on rice straw substrate under the shade of palm fronds, creating a growth-promoting micro-climate is created. The species is now also offered in Central Europe as a preserve in Asia dominated the food trade.
Raw is the Dunkelstreifige Scheid Ling, however, toxic, because he hemolytic and agglutinating effect, so red blood cells dissolves or can clump together.
System
For the Dunkelstreifigen Scheid Ling next to the nominate the following varieties are recognized:
- Volvariella volvacea var heimii Singer
- Volvariella volvacea var masseei Singer & water
- Volvariella volvacea nigricans var Kawam. ex Hongo
Looks very similar to the first described from the Czech Republic in 1974 by Cyril Kosina Schwarzvolva Scheid - Ling ( Volvariella nigrovolvacea ) from: Meanwhile, however, fruiting bodies, in contrast to Dunkelstreifigen Scheid Ling a bare stem. The species rank of this taxon is disputed.