Whistle

The pipe is a tone generator in which a stream of air meets an edge that is part of an opening of a resonance chamber. The elasticity of the air in the resonance chamber causes the air stream into the resonant cavity from swinging out over and over. Physically speaking generated by turbulence at the edge standing in the resonant space waves that make up the sound. In place of air, other gases may be used, e.g., water vapor. The pipe is also called air leaf Aerophon.

Terminology

The air jet is usually formed by a duct or a wind tunnel, which is also called nuclear fission or nuclear column. He meets an edge, which is also called cutting edge, cutting edge or Anblaskante. The term labium is also common for this, but can also refer to the resonance cavity from the facing away from adjacent to the cutting edge surface. The space between the cutting edge and core gap is called slicing. The resonant cavity may be a tube or a similar elongated body form. If the tube on the cutting edge opposite end open, one speaks of an open pipe, it is closed by a stopped pipe, which sounds an octave lower at the same length. If the resonance space, however, substantially spherical or ovoid, or otherwise a compact body, one speaks of a vessel flute.

Generated sound

Frequency and timbre of the sound produced depend primarily on the size and shape of the cavity. Addition, however, the sharpness of the cutting edge and angle, thickness and strength of the air jet.

Overblowing

For pipes with tubular resonance chamber higher tones of the overtone of the lowest tone can be produced at higher blowing pressure or sharper, more limited beam, or for smaller angle between edges inside and beam. In open pipe that everyone overtone may be, at gedackten pipes only the odd.

Application

Pipes are used across since the Stone Age as a music and instrument signal through all cultures and ages. A bone flute from the time of the Magdalenian was found in the Gudenus in Austria. When hunting pipes are used as, for example, the rabbit suit to imitate animal sounds. If it is operated with breathing air around pipes, there are whistles such as whistle, Bosun's pipe, high frequency whistle or flute. At the core flutes gap is formed by the respiratory organs of the player either or is part of the pipe itself then one speaks of a core gap flute. With artificially generated compressed air organ pipes are operated, steam pipes with steam. Whistling heard most frequently about in the pitch of a child's voice, but will often occur in other pitches, the frequencies obtained range from infrasonic range with extremely large organ pipes to the ultrasonic range with high frequency whistle.

When pipes without an instrument, it seems also to this mechanism to act, but the whistling is not yet fully explored.

Examples

• Bird whistle ( continuously tunable with a piston )