Wing (automotive)
The term refers to a wing attached to the vehicle part of an automobile, which is mainly driven, so contact pressure for better traction produce.
Distinction between
The terms spoilers and wings are used in common parlance often used interchangeably. Generally it is called a frame, if both the upper and underside of the component are overflowed. A wing is able to work independently or aerodynamically additional effects in interaction with the body aerodynamics.
A spoiler on the other hand flows over only one side. It disturbs the flow of the air and thereby affects the aerodynamics; its function is primarily that of an air deflector or air deflector.
Mode of action of a grand piano
Smooth, accelerated flows generate a negative pressure ( Aerodynamic lift ) on the surface of the body in flow. In a car, this occurs mainly at the top and thus produces mostly a relative lifting force, which leads to a reduction in the traction car. This is particularly spacious and also has the undesirable long lever at the two ends of the vehicle ( hood, trunk lid ). The task of streamlined wings is the deliberate creation of (mostly ) output. Colloquial spoiler, but this method to generate downforce and not only reduce buoyancy are named correctly wings.
For example, in Formula 1, the front wing has the additional spoiler similar effect that the air is slowed down to the wing ( desired pressure increase) and is then directed still slow over the top chassis and the driver, with an additional output power is generated ( aerodynamics slow flow corresponds to higher pressure ). At the same time the air on the lower wing surface is greatly accelerated ( negative pressure) and to a large extent directed under the car where it is generated at the surface of the subfloor additional downforce (negative ground effect ). The rear wing creates a pressure on its top, on the bottom and rear of the vehicle, however, such a large vacuum that the already fast air is sucked under the car up to the rear, rather than dodge on both sides. The diffuser geometry supports this through eyes. In summary, make the front and rear wings for the accelerated lower and slower over currents which then generate the directed each downward forces on the large areas of the chassis. The two wings generate for only around 25 % of the output. However, if one wing fails, the output is reduced by 75 %, as well as the chassis does not generate more downforce.
History
The first racing car that had a classic wing, the Chaparral 2C was in 1965; with him this new component was integrated into the chassis. The following models 2E, 2F and 2G were both appearing at the height of the rear axle with an oversized, equipped with struts far above the car -mounted wing.
In Formula 1 wings were first used during the Monaco Grand Prix 1968 by Team Lotus, with the rear wing of the Lotus 49B in appearance even more of a spoiler similar to (photo). Already when two weeks later held the Grand Prix of Belgium then detached by several teams rear wing were used (photo), how they should shape the Formula 1 in the sequence. It steadily more intricate and higher -rise wings were developed, which were attached to the front and rear part directly on the suspension. Following two serious accidents at the Grand Prix of Spain 1969, the cause of which were broken rear wing, this trend was halted by not directly attached to the hull, generating output attachments were banned. In the seventies and early eighties belonged to extreme wing variations in F1 of the past, especially due to the use of the ground effect from 1977 front wings were partially dispensable. In the seventies, several teams also used front spoiler instead of front wing. With the end of the ground effect race car after the 1982 season luxuriant blade designs considered reentering the " pinnacle of motorsport ". The mid to late nineties were developed by several teams auxiliary wing, also called winglets mounted on the side boxes or on the airbox. This trend was reinforced in particular the mid-2000s. Since the number of add-on parts for air turbulence behind the vehicles ( Dirty Air) and thus complicating overtaking maneuvers were responsible for the use of any additional wing was prohibited before the 2009 season. In the Formula 1 2011 season finally came the first time the Drag Reduction System for use with which the upper rear wing element can be adjusted while driving.
Wings are characteristic mainly for the appearance of single-seaters today; only a few of these vehicles are not equipped with both front and rear wings ( one exception as the Formula Ford represents ). Even with prototypes, GT and touring car wings are used, in which case mainly so-called splitter come in place of front wings used. Furthermore find wings in the dragster and the sprint -car sports use.
Overview
Basically, the more surface comprises a wing, the higher the pressure and the better can drive through fast and medium speed corners. However, a larger area increases drag, which makes his lines in the form of reduced top speed noticeable, which is why careful consideration of the wing design is a central part of the competition in motor sport.
The " fins " of the rear wing called Flaps. They are usually fixed during a race and largely rigid, but can be adjusted to the box in its inclination ( variable angle ) in most cases. -Mounted rear wings angle, which should further increase the contact pressure, hot Gurney Flaps.
Modern cars are so specialized that a fraction or a sudden loss of a wing strongly negatively influences the driving behavior. A failure of the effectiveness of the front wing generates lower taxes, a lack of the rear wing massive oversteer. This led in the past to several serious accidents, such as the Grand Prix of Spain 1975 or in the third free practice session for the Hungarian Grand Prix in 2003.
Photos
Rear wing of a BMW Sauber F1.07 2007
March 761 with front spoiler instead of wing - 1976
Ground effect car Brabham BT49, which did without a front wing
Arrows A7 in Dallas in 1984, with a for that time typical, extended rear wing
Toleman TG184 with double rear wing, also in Dallas 1984
McLaren MP4/11 1996 with additional wing on the airbox
BMW Sauber F1.08 with " horn -Wing " (at the airbox ) and " antlers " 2008
" Front wing lip " at the Williams FW30 at Montreal 2008
Honda RA108 with " horn -Wing " and " nostrils " in Montreal in 2008
BMW M1 in 1980 at the Nürburgring
Porsche 911 GT3 Cup at Monza 2011
A Sprint Car 1985
Top Fuel Dragster early nineties