Wolfram von Eschenbach

Wolfram von Eschenbach ( dates of his life are deducible within the following limits: * 1160 /80 † around / after 1220 ) was a German poet. The Middle High German literature owes him more epic works. He also wrote a minstrel lyric seals.

  • 5.1 Cross, introductions, anthologies
  • 5.2 Biographical
  • 5.3 Reception History

Life

What we think we know about Wolfram's life, is developed from hints in his own poetry and from statements by contemporary authors. From its name you can conclude that he or his family came from a place called Eschenbach. Geographical allusions in his works suggest that it is (now Wolfram -Eschenbach ) is Obereschenbach at Ansbach. It is known that he was on duty in his life on numerous farms. Presumably, he was at times in conjunction with the Counts of Wertheim and the Lords of Dürn. Latter included the wild mountain castle in the Odenwald, is said to have written some of his Parzival on the tungsten. While still working on the work he is apparently in the service of the Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia (1190-1217) entered, the most important conveyor of German literature of his time.

It is disputed which had education tungsten. He gives programmatically as despisers of the learned book knowledge, as illiterate. He described himself in his utterances themselves as illiterate, although one must assume in this context rather assume that the statements concerning the construction of a specific author - role are: the role of the laity poet, to understand its appreciation as an expression of the growing self- consciousness of the court lay society can, worked for tungsten. Undeniably any case, that he had extensive knowledge of the Latin tradition of education. His work is permeated with knowledgeable treated material of knowledge from all fields ( natural history, geography, medicine, astronomy ) and with theological reflections. Broad have been apparently also his knowledge of contemporary French language and literature.

Work

Today, the Parzival Wolfram is considered most famous work, often classifies it as one the most important epic poem of the period altogether a. It is the first obtained in German language work whose subject is the Holy Grail. Portrayed is the story of two heroes: on the one hand Parzival's life from his childhood over time as Arthurian knight to Gralskönigtum, on the other hand Gawain's story that does not exceed the structure of the Arthurian circle. As a research thesis is often assumed that the Parzival aims to break the immanence of courtly society through the figure on a universal level.

It is very likely that tungsten has used the work Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes in the drafting of Parzival, his work is a ( partial) very free adaptation of Perceval. Chrétien's work is, however, remained a fragment, it aborts in the Gawain - action. For the end of Wolfram's work (ie the end of the Gawain - action, Parzival oriental brother and his appointment as King of the Grail ) and also for the beginning (the story of Parzival's parents ) is not a source detectable, so that generally tungsten as direct perpetrators of these parts is considered. Wolfram writes in Parzival, however, that he Chrétien's presentation - think this is wrong, and claimed that he had used a different source, a Provencal poet named Kyot - he knew apparently. About Kyot however, is nothing else known. In the reception history of the 20th century, the view has largely prevailed that this source and the author never existed, but a fiction tungsten are.

In addition, there is a tradition that sees the faithful reproduction of an orally transmitted history in Parzival. Herbert Kolb holds tungsten informant Kyot for real, and the Swiss Werner Greub anthroposophist (1909-1997) goes so far in the historicization of Parzival that the main sites of the Holy Grail be localized, which took place, according to him in the 9th century.

Other seals:

  • In the couplet story Willehalm Wolfram tells the story of William the saints who also has features of courtly romance as the heroic epic chanson de geste and obtained by the emphasis on the kingdom of thought and debate between Christians and pagans eschatological traits. The work is based on a Provencal legend material that has been processed free of tungsten.
  • The strophic Titurel fragment, told as a " diversion " of Parzival, scenes from the tragic love story of Sigune and Schionatulander.
  • Wolfram wrote nine songs of love; which form the five days songs the climax of this literary genre.

Wolfram's language is different from the style of Hartmann von Aue. It is pictorially, rich in irony and punchlines, its syntax crowded and appear bulky. Developed by his predecessors narrative style he expands. Typical of him is the " hook beating Tell " and the technique of hybridization.

Effect

Wolfram was the most effective German speaking poets of the Middle Ages. Wolfram Titurel fragment had an enormous aftereffect in the late Middle Ages: The invented this verse form ( the so-called Titurelstrophe ) was adapted by many poets. The fragment itself was expanded in the second half of the 13th century by Albrecht von Scharfenberg to a detailed novel. This Titurel Younger was in the late Middle Ages as tungsten own work and established his fame as the most important poet of all knights. The Parzival is the only couplet - seal through several editions in book printing even after 1470. The fabric of Parsifal Richard Wagner provided the main source for the creation of the libretto of his opera Parsifal. Tungsten itself occurs as a character in Wagner's opera Tannhäuser.

The literature of 19-20. Century dealt intensively with tungsten, but they occasionally excessive nationalistic and off against the allegedly " bulbous " Gottfried of Strasbourg was looking for him.

A plaque located in the Walhalla Donaustauf.

See also: Manesse and tungsten Linde

Works

  • Wolfram von Eschenbach Parzival and Titurel, edited by Karl Bartsch ( = German Classics of the Middle Ages, Volume 19 ), Leipzig 1935 (only Middle High German text )
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival, Middle High German and New High German, after the issue of Karl Lachmann, translated by Wolfgang Spiewok, Volumes 1 and 2 ( Loeb Classical Library Volume 3681 and 3682 ), Stuttgart 1981 ISBN 3- 15-003681 -X
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival, translated by Wolfgang Mohr, Göppingen 1977/79 ISBN 3-87452-344-6
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival, translated by Dieter Kühn, 1994 ISBN 3-596-13336- X.
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival, translated by Peter Knecht, Reclam, Stuttgart 2011 ISBN 978-3-15-010708-9.
  • Two tungsten Minnelieder on the web: The morgenblic bî wahtaeres sange erkos (L 3,1)
  • Guot WIP, I beg you minne ( 9.1 L )

Annotated editions

  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival. After issuing Karl Lachmann's revised and annotated by Eberhard Nellmann. Transferring Dieter Kühn. German classic Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1994, Library German classics, Library of the Middle Ages ( the original text, retransmission and detailed commentary in 2 volumes )
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Willehalm. After the manuscript 857 of the Abbey Library of St. Gallen, edited by Joachim Heinzle, German Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1991, Library German classics, Library of the Middle Ages ( the original text, retransmission and detailed comment )
  • Wolfram von Eschenbach: Titurel. With all the parallel tradition of the " younger Titurel ". Critically edited, translated and annotated by Joachim Bumke and Joachim Heinzle. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2006
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