Wood flooring

Hardwood flooring is a floor covering made ​​of wood for rooms in enclosed buildings. The wood is usually hard wood of deciduous trees, is to cut into small pieces and assembled according to certain patterns.

The wood will always be installed so that the wood fiber is horizontal. Wood floors, in which the annual rings are visible, d h.die fibers are vertically is called wood block (wood stiletto patch). A large-format wooden floor from long boards called plank flooring. Parquet flooring is considered to be of high quality, needed because of the structure of small-scale pieces of wood as opposed to the wooden floor a stable base, acting for the same reason but the formation of gaps opposite. Since wood is a hygroscopic building materials, a parquet floor space affects climate control. He is very hygienic through its closed surfaces.

Material

Traditional types of wood, which are processed into flooring, are acacia / locust, elm / elm, hornbeam, apple tree, pear, chestnut, and the following:

Oak ( dark)

Beech

Maple

Birch

Walnut / Walnut

Cherry

Ash-tree

Olive

Non-European species of wood for parquet are Kambala, Afzelia ( Doussie ), Jatoba, cabreuva, eucalyptus, Mutenye, Bongossi / azobe, Kosipo, Kotibé, Landa, Limbali, Louro vermelho, Peroba and the following:

Wenge / Panga Panga

Teak / Burma

Zebrano

Santos rosewood

Bubinga

Mahogany / Sipo / Makore

For multi- layer parquet come as a carrier and woodworking materials used. The hardness of hardwood floors is generally given in Brinell.

To distinguish from the floor is a laminate covering. Laminate flooring made ​​of wood fiber materials as a carrier and coated with melamine resin; the exposed wood surface here consists of a laminated paper timber situation patterns (impregnated with melamine resin decorative layer ). The laying of laminate flooring is done in the same way as parquet. The plastic surface here does not absorb moisture, but moisture absorption is about the joints possible. A parquet floor is more expensive than a laminate, this flooring can be several times renovated by sanding and sealing in general, which is not possible in laminate. Hardwood flooring is a very durable flooring in relation to a textile floor. There are hardwood floors in castles that are still attractive after centuries, this extremely expensive work-ups of the stalls were then but mostly in the past required.

Kinds of parquet

Solid hardwood

Solid hardwood is made of solid wood pieces; multiple execution modes are available: Solid hardwood is usually laid raw and then ground with the floor sander in multiple grinding passes. Subsequently, the surface treatment with parquet varnish, oil or wax the floor is done. The progressive technical development led to the production of calibrated solid hardwood with factory- applied surface treatments. Currently, solid wood flooring is also available as engineered flooring by some manufacturers. Grinding and final treatment this on the construction site.

Solid hardwood floors, especially mosaic, on edge lamella and Lamparkette, but also wood patches were bonded in the 1950s to the 1970s with tar or bitumen- based adhesives on cement or asphalt concrete. These adhesives are often burdened ( Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ) with carcinogenic PAH, dismantling and disposal of such stalls should be performed only by specialized companies. A so glued parquet can be used for potential hazard because under already loosened the adhesive mass ground floor parts treading and can get into the air and in house dust over the joints in parquet. The residents take released PAHs then through breathing air, food, or by skin contact. Especially young children are at risk if they play on the floor and inhale dust raised. Suspect is glue when its dark color indicating tar or bitumen fractions and the floor was laid before the end of the 70s. The adhesive should be tested in a laboratory for PAH.

Parquet ( solid hardwood )

Parquet consists of individual pieces of wood ( sticks ) with typical dimensions of 500 mm × example, 60-70 mm × 22 mm. But there are also thinner parquet blocks and rods with 2 -ply construction. This is then called rod - finished parquet. In the pages of a circumferential groove is milled in a spring called wood strip is inserted, whereby the composite is produced between the individual boards. This form of the parquet is the classic form. It is nailed to the supporting sub- floor made ​​of wood, and from the side at an angle, so that the nail is covered by the adjacent hardwood rod through the spring. Parquet blocks with fixed angehobelter groove or spring are also referred to as parquet belt. Another name for this type of parquet flooring is parquet nail ( E DIN EN 13226 ).

Mosaic parquet ( solid hardwood )

Mosaic parquet consists of smaller and especially thinner wood slats with 8 to 10 mm thick, glued usually on the net. By default square slats are laid with an edge length of 12 or 16 cm. The untreated delivered flooring is sanded and painted after bonding the surface or oiled / waxed. Its low height is a great advantage for an underfloor heating because the heat transfer is little hindered. Even if any other floor covering should be replaced by parquet, is the small thickness of the mosaic floor from a advantage.

Lam ( Solid hardwood )

Lam the parquet in his rod length from 120 to 400 mm and rod width of 40 to 65 mm is similar, but it is only 10-11 mm thick. The installation and the properties are similar to the mosaic floor ( standard: Vollholzlamparkett according to E DIN 13227 ). It also bears the nickname thin parquet or thin rod.

Hochkantlamellen parquet ( solid hardwood )

Hochkantlamellen Parquet ( HKL) is like the mosaic floor from individual solid wood slats with a cross section of usually about 8 mm × 22 mm. This parquet is a so-called residual product from the mosaic parquet production. The individual slats are vertically arranged and held together by strips of paper, plastic nets or tapes in laying units. Due to the larger thickness of 22 mm, the floor can be sanded more frequently and is therefore used mainly in the commercial sector. It therefore bears the nickname industrial parquet. Hochkantlamellen trading floor is popular because of its appearance as a design ground lately, increasingly in the living area and in public institutions such as schools, museums and exhibition centers use.

Parquet board

Massive parquet strips are glued to a board. Are usual 2 or 3 parallel rows of bars. The boards are usually 2-3 feet long.

Planks

Solid wood flooring made ​​from one piece of wood (solid) and have a large area format ( min. 12 cm wide and 1,20 m long). If they are provided for attachment to sub-construction, the thickness is usually 21 mm, but is also weaker when intended for glue-down installation.

Tafelparkett

Tafelparkett is also called French parquet and is seen as the " queen of parquet floors ". Geometric patterns are glued into square panels, such as diamonds and stars in such a way that more complex patterns arise. Often, different colored woods will be processed. In the design of the bottom of the subsequent use of the space is taken into account. Often, a panel parquet floor is installed with a frieze.

Multilayer parquet

The patent for the multi-layer parquet is from the year 1939 by Johann Kähr ( fin plate ). 1941, the company Kährs introduced the world's first " prefinished " one. It has, due to its 3-layer construction, a higher buckling strength and can therefore also loose, are often installed without glue-down in a click system on an underlay.

With the click systems to " To Close " and different "form fitting " systems. For the force -closing systems, the joints of the boards is done by overcoming a resistance which subsequently holds the boards, for example, a small projection in the wood. Frequently in this method, the boards must be vertically knocks. The disadvantage of the system is that in many cases still have to be glued or small projections wear away, resulting in ugly joints. The form- fitting system, eg woodloc, lock-it, smart -lock, etc. is a mounting bracket system. Here the planks to be angled in a CNC machined mold from above.

The visible surface layer of each of the formative type of wood here is often only 2-4 mm thick and glued on one or more support layers from cheaper softwood or on a carrier plate made ​​of wood material. The Mehrschichtern the load depends not only on the species but also on the overall structure of the Thickness of wear layer and the type and quality of the middle layer.

These plates maintain the tongue and groove for the installation, which are incorporated into the softwood. The loops after the transfer will be omitted here, since the individual elements have been ground and surface-treated finished. Low height differences ( <0.1 mm) between the individual elements are therefore not compensated. Engineered flooring can be easily distinguished from ordinary parquet by viewing against the light, the individual elements show their flawless smoothness and sharp -edged boundary.

The life of a laid floating multi-layer parquet is due to its current mechanical stress is not as high as for bonding parquet, because the tilting movements can in time lead to the ingress of water at the joints.

Decisive for the quality of multi-layer parquet is a) the quality of the finish ( because here the load takes place, not on the wood), b) the quality of the board connection and c) the use of high quality techniques (eg no " Stamps " standing annual rings, Lamellenseitenverleimung etc. )

As a variant of the multi- layer the parquet there, next to the three-layer parquet, also two -layer parquet. The first 2-layer engineered flooring was introduced in 1975 by the Swiss company building parquet in St.Margrethen World Première. The first 1- strip 2- layer engineered flooring was developed in the 80s, both from the same manufacturer building and the Italian company Margaritelli. This floor must be fully adhered to the substrate, which is quite again increases the durability and improves the room sound critical. Two layer parquet is available as a classic single bar (approx. 490 x 70 mm), ship floors and planks ( lengths and widths vary ).

Laying pattern

• Shipdeck Association, also Wilder Association: Parallel with staggered joints, such as the planking on a ship's deck.
• English Association: The bars are offset by half laid parallel.
• Oxford Association: The bars are offset by one-third run in parallel.
• Old German Association: The bars are offset by half laid in parallel (such as English Association ), but always put double side by side. At the head butting a shortened, rotated by 90 degrees rod is laid in between. A braid pattern produced.

• Straw floor with cube: To a square parquet pieces around bars in longitudinal and transverse directions are parallel to each other and placed (Fig.).
• Cube association table and pattern single bars are joined together to form squares whose direction is alternately offset by 90 ° ( checker pattern ). This, however, the length of the rod has to be an integer multiple of the bar width, such as 49 x 7 cm.

• Double Herringbone: The parquet blocks are beveled on both sides around 45 ° or 30 °. Between the Zopfreihen runs a continuous head - joint.

• Combination with a herringbone pattern (Fig.): French herringbone

See also the article mathematical tiling.

History

In the United States on September 4, 1883, the gramophone inventor Emil Berliner received a patent on an idea conceived by its parquet floor.