Xestia stigmatica
Rhombus Bodeneule ( Xestia stigmatica )
The rhombus - Bodeneule ( Xestia stigmatica ), also Rauteneule, Violet Brown Erdeule, Violet Brown, Schwarzfleckige Erdeule or grove herbal floor Bodeneule called, is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ). The species was formerly known under the synonym Xestia rhomboidea.
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The moths reach a wingspan of 38-41 millimeters. The forewings have a relatively wide shape and are dark brown, gray-brown or purple-brown colored. Intermediate ring and kidney blemish as well as the inner transverse line are large, darkened, black spots. Transverse and wavy lines are mostly formed significantly. At the heavily serrated wavy line an inward species-typical dark band begins. The hind wings are dark gray without markings.
The egg has a hemispherical shape with strongly flattened base; it measures 0.6 to 0.7 mm in height and 0.9 to 1.0 mm in diameter. It is colored yellow white and shows a crimson center spot with well toned bandage. After Dolinskaya and Geryak the egg, is light pink colors [ Note 1 ]. In the course of development, it is gräulichpink and shortly before hatching it becomes dark brown gray. The upper two thirds of the surface is covered with 29 to 33 very significant longitudinal ribs, of which 11 to 12 reach the Mikropylregion. They cross with weaker transverse ribs, but are closer to each other.
Full-grown caterpillars vary greatly in color and can both almost monochromatic yellow-brown and gray-brown specimens with distinct white side lines result. Similarly, the intensity of the wedge-shaped side rear spots varies considerably.
The red-brown doll is characterized by four spines on the cremaster.
Similar Species
A certain similarity to Xestia sareptana but which is identifiable by a black mop in the root area of the fore wings. From other Xestia and Diarsia types stigmatica be distinguished by the dark band adjacent the shaft line and the lack of yellowish or reddish drawing elements.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is common in Europe before. But you're lacking in Ireland and the Iberian Peninsula with the exception of the Pyrenees, as well as almost all the Mediterranean islands, with the exception of Sicily. The northern distribution limit runs through the southern part of Scandinavia to the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, southern Russia. It has not been detected in Finland and the largest part of Russia. The other area of distribution extends through southern Russia to Kazakhstan, in the south to the Caucasus area, northern Turkey and the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran. The site in Karachay-Cherkessia in Southern Russia is at 1200 m altitude.
The rhombus - Bodeneule preferably inhabited light deciduous forests, shrub and bush areas and parklands. In wetlands it is rare.
Way of life
The nocturnal moths fly mainly from July to early September in one generation a year. Visit artificial light sources as well as bait, and occasionally the flowers of oregano (Origanum vulgare), an old man of herbs ( Senecio ) or the butterfly lilac ( Buddleja davidii ). The caterpillars are found from September. They feed on various plants, these include:
- Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica),
- Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and
- Primroses (Primula ).
The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in May of the following year.
Endangering
The rhombus - Bodeneule comes in Germany in different numbers before, regionally rare, but out on the red list of threatened species as not at risk.
Nomenclature
The species has been referred to a few years ago Xestia rhomboidea ( Esper, 1790). In the investigation of the two syntypes of Phalaena Noctua rhomboidea Esper, 1790 in the Zoological State Collection Munich ( ZSM No. 858 and 859) by Hacker ( 1998) turned out that these pieces are identical to Xestia triangulum ( Hufnagel, 1766 ). The specimen with the No. ZSM 859, a male, was determined by hackers to lectotype. The specimens have been described by later writers as Xestia rhomboidea, but are not identical with the two syntypes or the newly determined lectotype. However, since the name rhomboidea on the two syntypes or the lectotype depends, it can not be transferred to the lack certain copies. For this lack certain copies ( = rhomboidea of later authors ), however, the name Xestia stigmaticata Hübner, be used in 1813. The type of this kind is consistent with the lack certain copies of Xestia rhomboidea of later authors. The correct modern name of this kind is therefore Xestia stigmatica ( Hübner, 1813).