Yaoundé

Province

Yaoundé [ ja.unde ː ] ( official German spelling: Yaoundé ) is the capital and with 1,299,446 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2005) second largest city in Cameroon. She is also the capital of the Centre region. The name Yaoundé is a deformation of the name of Ewondo, originally located here ethnicity. Ewondo - speakers call Yaoundé Ongola.

  • 3.1 City government
  • 4.1 Economics
  • 4.2 traffic 4.2.1 Driving in Yaoundé
  • 4.3.1 water
  • 4.3.2 electricity
  • 4.3.3 cleansing
  • 4.3.4 Waste Disposal
  • 4.3.5 recycling
  • 4.3.6 telecommunications 4.3.6.1 landline
  • 4.3.6.2 GSM and CSMA network
  • 4.3.6.3 Internet access
  • 8.1 City districts and neighborhoods
  • 8.2 Orientation

Geography

Geographical Location

The city lies at an altitude of 730 m. The city is built on hills and is divided on the north -south axis by the river Mfoundi. To the west of the city of Montreal and Mont Febe Mbankolo rise (about 1000 meters - the exact amount is not known). To the capital Yaounde around Cameroon is the most densely populated. Many of the 1.3 million inhabitants live in the sprawling suburbs. The town is surrounded by tropical jungle.

Climate

The average annual temperature is 23.3 ° C and varies only slightly during the year. The annual rainfall is 1628 mm, there are two distinct rainy seasons in September / October and April / May. Humidity is in the dry season at around 70 %; in the weeks before the rainy seasons it continues to rise.

History

Yaoundé was founded in 1889 by order of the German colonial administration by the officer and explorer Richard Kund as a scientific research station and a base for the ivory trade.

"I will only remark, that the Lieutenant Pat Beck and I have a station in a larger scale on the Inner African plateau between the rivers Yong Zannaga u have applied to the square, which is designated on the map with the name Epsumb. (3 ° 48 ' N. ) The distance from the coast is 20 days' march ... "

From 1889 to 1895, the station by the botanist and zoologist Georg Zenker was conducted. In 1895 the company was converted into a military station, 1903 the transfer to civilian administration and the 1905 survey to the district office of the district of the same. The station remained under military occupation until the end of the German colonial era. The city had an important function in the occupation of the Cameroon hinterland by the German colonial forces. Your expanding it owes in particular the long-term station managers and district magistrate Hans Dominik. In 1911 she became the seat of a local Superior Court in 1914 as a new instance of an indigenous management " Oberhäuptlingstums ". As a result of World War I in Cameroon, the city was occupied for the first time in 1915 to the capital of the colony, and in January 1916 by Belgian troops. In 1922 the city was raised as Yaoundé the capital of French Cameroon.

Policy

City ​​Government

The urban area of ​​Yaounde is governed by the Communauté Urbaine de Yaoundé ( " CUY "). Boss is the Délégué du Gouvernement de la auprès CUY, ( incumbent as of 2009: Gilbert tsimi Evouna ). The individual municipalities are managed by " maires " ( mayors ).

Economy and infrastructure

Economy

Yaoundé is transportation hub and industrial center for the tobacco industry, dairy products, clay, glass and wood industry. In addition, there is a regional center for coffee, cocoa, copra, sugar cane, bananas and rubber. In the area of gold and titanium are degraded.

It is believed that a significant proportion of the working population is employed in the informal sector (trade, personal services, transport, construction, domestic workers, health).

The largest formal employer ( with social security benefits ) is the state ( administration, security services, and other uniformed services, education and health ).

The city is the headquarters of the Banque des États de l' Afrique Centrale.

Traffic

A majority of the visitors reached Cameroon over the commissioned in 1993 Yaoundé Nsimalen International ( NSI) or the airport of Douala ( DLA), the economic capital of Cameroon. Railway connections are available to Edea and Douala as well as Ngaoundéré ( railway line Douala - Ngaoundere ). About paved highways, the city with Ebolowa, Ayos, Bamenda, Eseka and Edea / Douala is connected. A dense network of all-weather trails opens up the wider region.

Currently serving Air France, Brussels Airlines, Turkish Airlines and Camair -Co overseas from Yaoundé.

For public transport taxis ( cars and motorcycles) are mainly used. Buses are as good as non-existent.

Smaller loads are transported from pickups, wheelbarrows or carrier.

There is no separation of transit and local traffic. This results despite a low estimated vehicle population to constant traffic jams. The main transport axes going from north (City exit towards Mballa ) to south (City exit towards Douala ) and east toward Ayos or Mbalmayo. A city bypass exists in the southeast of waste incineration plants on the outer quarters Ekoumdoum, Awae, Nkomo to the road to Akonolinga in the neighborhood Biteng. Projects to complete the bypass are regularly the subject in negotiations with external donors.

Driving in Yaoundé

Basically, French traffic rules apply - the theory test is meant for the French Code Rousseau. The vehicle driver usually drive " on sight " and respect only a few traffic rules systematically.

Convoys of state dignitaries and especially the president can watch the traffic on the main axes ( Axe présidentielle ) between the airport and the presidential palace ( Présidence ) bring to a complete halt.

A highway is between the Post Office Centrale and the Quartier waste incineration plants under construction ( 2012). You along the Mfoundi and is still presumably taken in 2012. It means that transit and local traffic are separated and thus eliminating a major cause of congestion.

Water, electricity, telecommunications, sewage and garbage disposal

Water

Water is distributed throughout the city by the Société Nationale des Eaux du Cameroun ( SNEC ). The quality of the water for central European conditions poor ( pollution by particles and microorganisms such as amoebae, water has yellowish color and has a distinct taste of its own ). Upscale home installations are equipped with additional water filters. Supply interruptions occur, depending on the situation on a monthly to semi-annually. Consume small children, the sick and the elderly, when the financial situation allows it, local mineral water, which is available in good quality and quantity.

In peripheral areas of the city wells are dug from 10 to 50 meters depth. The drinking water quality depends on the local conditions and in particular the presence of nearby septic tanks.

In places where the water quality is a high roller or where the water table is very deep water drilling will be undertaken. The so- produced water is usually of very good quality.

Electricity

Electricity is supplied by the AES - Sonel (AES = American Energy Systems ) throughout the city. Sonel ( Société Nationale d' Electricité ) was bought in 2001 by AES Corporation. The rated voltage is nominally 220V/50Hz varies but in reality 90-380 volts. Therefore, the use of voltage stabilizers, surge protect and good safety equipment is required.

The distribution network is serviced outdated and poorly, resulting in poor power quality (see above) manifests. In addition, due to insufficient production capacity, fraudulent Stromabzapfen, unprofessional household and transmission losses power shortages are common, which eventually lead to regular partial network outages.

Cleansing

In the 1970s and 80s, centralized wastewater treatment plants have been installed. Due to poor maintenance, lack of investment and mismanagement they were unusable.

Wastewater is usually governed either directly into rivers or disposed of in open-bottom septic tanks. Effort to install new equipment and repairs are existing in the corridor.

Waste disposal

The garbage disposal is ensured by the company HYSACAM and works very well by African standards.

Recycling

Almost everything can be recycled is recycled locally respectively reused PET bottles, newspapers, cardboard boxes, old clothes, cans, scrap metal, glass bottles, used tires, any furnishings.

Telecommunications

Since the late 1990s, the Internet and mobile communication Cameroon has reached, the efficiency of telecommunications has multiplied, according to estimates. Mid-nineties, there should have been some ten thousand fixed lines, 2009 to be three million telephone users. The very hesitant marketing of Internet access over the SAT3 cable by monopolist access costs still remain very high.

Landline

Landline telephony is offered by the state monopolist Camtel. The quality of the network ( disconnections, congestion, noise, crosstalk between the channels ) is characterized by poor maintenance, lack of investment and poor management very bad. The number of connections barely moves for years. The telephone exchanges are digital in Yaoundé (first generation), the terminal analog.

GSM and CSMA network

Camtel City operates a network which was realized on CSMA technique. The quality is good to very good and allowed in the urban area wireless reception at competitive prices. The network is reached by the high request after a few months of operation at the technical development boundary.

MTN ( Mobile Telephone Network ) and Orange Communications operate a rapidly growing GSM-900/1800-Netz ( standards: GSM, CSD and GPRS, EDGE). European conventional mobile phones can be used. The quality of the networks is well within the city limits and beyond. Areas are constantly being redeveloped.

Internet access

Internet access is available in Yaoundé and in the whole country in general is still very expensive. Rates per Mbps bandwidth by a factor of 50 are more expensive than in Europe. Yaoundé is connected via a fiber optic cable to the fiber optic submarine cable SAT3, which is marketed by the company Camtel. In addition, Yaoundé is connected via VSAT satellite links ( C-band and Ku - band ) to the Internet.

The end user usually has access through Internet cafés called cybers.

Orange and MTN offer via CSD, GPRS, and EDGE on mobile Internet access. The actual achievable bandwidths are typically around 50kbps. Camtel offers over the CSMA network of reliable 100kbps connections.

A number of private providers ( GONAGO, ICC, MTN Networks, megahertz and others) offer wireless connections (WLAN 802.11a, 802.16, and others) Internet access to.

Education

Since 1961 there is a Goethe Institute in Yaoundé. The University of Yaoundé was founded in 1962 and 1993 into two separate universities (University of Yaoundé 1 in Ngoa disgusted and Yaoundé 2 district in Soa ) divided. There are also two private universities. In 1996, the Université de yaoundé -sud was founded. Furthermore, there is the Université Catholique d' Afrique Centrale.

The Ecole Française offers French Baccalaureat. The Ecole International Le Flamboyant provides primary education to under French standards. The American School covers the compulsory education. A large number of local private schools offer a wide range of training to after Cameroon and system. The quality of schools is highly variable.

The structural adjustment program, which was implemented in the 1990s by the IMF ( International Monetary Fund), led to massive spending cuts in the public sector and thus also in the education sector. Pay cuts based on the wage level of 1990 by 50-70 % were the result. The option of layoffs in the public sector was not realized. The elites of the country, including high school teacher, left under these conditions increasingly Cameroon, Yaoundé and Douala, and especially. The remaining teachers are by the economic decline highly susceptible to corruption.

Culture and sights

  • Musée d'Art Camerounais in the Benedictine monastery of Mont Febe
  • Former Presidential Palace from the French Mandate ( seat of former President Ahidjo ) in the Quartier du lac
  • Notre Dame Cathedral (built in 1951 ) at the Rond Point de la Poste
  • Sanctuaire on the Mvolyé Hill
  • Monument de la Réunification ( monument commemorating the reunification of English and French - Cameroon 1961) in Ngoa - disgusts
  • Mont Febe: mountain with the best view of the whole city, the upscale 3 star Hotel Mont Febe and the nearby golf course
  • Palais de Congres
  • Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo, and Stade Omnisport mentioned in the quartier " Omnisport " resp. Mfandena
  • Complexe sporty ( between the city center, Carrefour Warda and quartier Briquetterie )
  • Boulevard du 20 mai (city center, quartier des ministères )
  • Marché Mokolo Mokolo in the quartier / quartier Messa

Personalities ( in alphabetical order)

  • Patrice Abanda (born 1978 ), football player
  • Vincent Aboubakar (* 1992), football player
  • Charles Atangana (around 1880-1943 ), " High Chief Yaoundé and Bane ," political leader of the Ewondo of Yaoundé
  • Françoise Bella ( b. 1983 ), football player
  • Gilles Binya ( born 1984 ), football player
  • Biboul Darouiche ( born 1963 ), percussionist and composer
  • Gaëlle Enganamouit (* 1992), football player
  • Joël Epalle (born 1978 ), football player
  • Narcisse Ewodo (born 1972 ), basketball player
  • Marc -Vivien Foe (1975-2003), football player
  • Adrienne Ndongo Fouda (* 1990), football player
  • Jérôme Guihoata (* 1994), football player
  • Mohamadou Idrissou ( b. 1980 ), football player
  • Eric Kwekeu ( b. 1980 ), football player
  • Jean Makoun ( b. 1983 ), football player
  • Christine mania ( born 1984 ), football player
  • Luc Mbah a Moute ( born 1986 ), basketball player
  • Stéphane Mbia ( born 1986 ), football player
  • Matthew Mbuta ( born 1985 ), football player
  • Patrick Mevoungou ( born 1986 ), football player
  • Roger Milla ( born 1952 ), football player
  • Patrice Nganang (* 1970), literary scholar and writer
  • Gabrielle Ngaska (* 1988), football player
  • Marlyse Bernadett Ngo Ndoumbouk ( born 1985 ), football player
  • Louis Ngwat - Mahop (* 1987), football player
  • Isis Amareillle Sonkeng (* 1989), football player
  • Umtiti Samuel (* 1993), French footballer
  • Vieter Heinrich (1853-1914), Roman Catholic bishop and first Vicar Apostolic of Cameroon
  • Jeannette Yango (* 1993), football player
  • Francine Zouga (* 1987), football player

Neighborhoods and orientation

Urban districts and quarters

Yaoundé is administratively divided into seven districts and has about a hundred quarters. The quarters are particularly important as landmarks:

  • Barrière - If peripherally in the far south entrance to the town on the road to Douala.
  • Bastos - Nobles residential district in the north -west of Yaoundé and the seat of most of the embassies, consulates and foreign NGOs. It also contains the palatial home of Bernard Fokou, one of the wealthiest citizens of Cameroon.
  • La briqueterie - also known as "La Brique ," located in the city center and is mainly inhabited by a Muslim population. It is known for its barbecue: the " Soya " and his cloth merchant.
  • Camp SIC Hippodrome - old residential district, located in the old city center on a hill. It is also the banking district, some ministries and restaurants.
  • Elig Edzoa - Small popular city district in the north known for its shoe, old clothes and second-hand market.
  • Emana - Located in the far north on the arterial road to Oballa. The population is in addition to the resident Ewondos mainly from Bamileke and Anglophone Cameroonians from the North West Province.
  • Esso - Small popular district in the east of Yaoundé.
  • Etoudi - Lodging in the extreme north of Yaoundé, where the presidential palace is located (Palais de l' Unite ).
  • Koweit City - Located in the extreme southeast on the way to Nsimalen airport. It is characterized by the palatial residential buildings.
  • Ntaba - Nlongkak respectively Djoungolo - Lodging in the center of Yaounde with the official residence of the Governor of the central province ( Province du Centre).
  • Mimboman - Small popular district in the east of Yaoundé.
  • Madagascar - Small popular neighborhood in the northwest of Yaoundé.
  • Mendong - Located in the south-west, has grown up around the built in the 1980s Camp SIC (State ( ownership ) housing ) developed. Mendong has a gymnasium and a number of private higher schools.
  • Mokolo - commercial district east of the center of Yaounde, Mokolo is home to the Great Market of Yaoundé ( Marché Mokolo ). Dealers and Automobile crowd on the road. This neighborhood is very densely populated.
  • Ngoa - Ekelle - Situated on a hill in the west of the city center adjacent to the Quartier du Lac. Most important institution is the university " Université Yaoundé I" and the installations of the Cameroonian army.
  • Ngousso - Ngousso lies in the northeast. It is the seat of the Hôpital Général de Yaoundé.
  • Nkondengui - Nkondengui located in the southeast of Yaounde and houses the central prison, which is the best known in Cameroon by far.
  • Nkol - Bisson - Located in the west of the city and is situated on the old road to Douala. It means in many Ewondo ( bisson ) hill ( Nkol ).
  • Nkol - Eton - north of downtown and means hill ( Nkol ) Eton (ethnicity ). The neighborhood is known for its food market.
  • Omnisports - a better residential district in the northeast of the city center is also called Mfandena located. The football stadium Ahmadou Ahidjo - has been built on the highest point of the hotel on the hill district.
  • Obili - Obili lies in the west of Yaounde. There, the ' IRIC is located ( international des relations internationales du Cameroun Institute ). The name comes from the Obili Ewondo et, meaning " Forced " or " committed " (from the French obligé ). Mid- 1950s the clan Mvog Atemengue, who lived on the Atemengue Plateau (Quartier Ngoa - Ekelle ) was driven from their quarters and had to settle at the foot of the hill. Hence the name " Obili " comes. It is located next to the district Ngoa - Ekelle and is the center of the Anglophone Cameroonians from the North West Province.
  • Santa Barbara - Santa Barbara is a located in the northeast of new upscale urban neighborhood.
  • Other neighborhoods - ETOA - Meki, Mvog Atangana Mballa, Mvog - Beti, Mvog - Mbi, Olembe, Olezoa, Ekounou, Ekoudou, Mvam, Biyem - Assi, Etoug - Ebe, Melen, mini - ferme, Cité - Verte, Oyom - Abang, MBOG Abang, Simbock, Mvolyé, Damas, Obobogo, Tam - Tam Weekend, Maison Blanche, Nsimeyong, Tsinga, Nkomkana, Carrière, Mvog - Ada, Messa, Odza, Mbankolo, Jean -Vespa, Mballa 2, Tongolo, Nkol - Ewoue, Nkolndongo, Mimboman, Eleveur, Messa, Nkomo, Jerusalem, Titus Edzoa

Orientation

The orientation is for people who are accustomed to street names or GPS, a challenge. There are no street names and current maps. In the city, there are also roads that are designated with numbers (eg 1413 ). Street signs are also largely absent - it is partially available only to the large main axes. The Institut National de Cartografía can be photocopied map from 1972. Street vendors sell just occasionally copies of this card or derivatives thereof. The residents orient themselves (eg hotel Hilton or Mahima supermarket ), or to the major transport nodes ( Rondpoint Nlongkak, Rondpoint de la Poste, Carrefour Bastos, Carrefour Damas ) at the above district name to known administrative or commercial buildings the hills. In the so-called call- boxes more accurate information can be obtained. There are the so-called ax présidentielle, which in two variants from Etoudi (ie, the neighborhood with the Presidential Palace ) leads to the airport and the basis of which one can easily orient:

  • Mont Febe Bastos → → → Palais des Congrès Tsinga → Carrefour Warda → Boulevard du 20 mai → Poste Centrale Mwan → → → Odza Aéroport de Nsimalen
  • Etoudi Mballa II → → → Bata Nlongkak Rondpoint Nlongkak MINREX → → → Carrefour Warda thereafter as variant 1

In addition, a shorter side branch of the ax présidentielle Bata Nlongkak also leads to the football stadium " Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo " in the neighborhood Mfandena, better known as " Omnisports ".

Others

In 1963 and 1969, the Yaoundé agreements were concluded here with the European Community, which aimed at the establishment of a free trade zone and the reduction of trade barriers. These contracts were predecessors of the better known Lomé and Cotonou Agreement.

Centre Region (Cameroon) Hans Tappenbeck Hans Dominik (Schutztruppe) Transport hub Wood economy Natural rubber Samuel Umtiti Heinrich Vieter
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